How is ovarian cancer diagnosed?

Diagnosing ovarian cancer usually involves a combination of medical history discussions, physical examinations, and specific tests. If a woman reports persistent symptoms like bloating, abdominal pain, or changes in bowel habits, the doctor will inquire about her medical history and conduct a pelvic exam. 

To get a clearer picture, imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scans might be performed to visualize the ovaries and surrounding structures. Blood tests, particularly the CA-125 test, can help identify certain proteins associated with ovarian cancer, though it's not foolproof.

Ultimately, the most definitive way to diagnose ovarian cancer is through a surgical procedure called a biopsy. This involves removing a small tissue sample from the ovaries to be examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells. The combination of these approaches helps healthcare professionals make an accurate diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment.