Q. What are the main causes of atrial septal defect (ASD)?
Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect that occurs when an opening in the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart does not close completely. It is one of the most common types of birth defects, affecting approximately 40,000 babies each year in the United States alone.
The exact cause of ASD is unknown, though research suggests that it may be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. A family history of congenital heart defects appears to increase risk for ASD, as do certain medical conditions such as Down syndrome or other chromosomal anomalies, maternal diabetes mellitus type 1 and/or 2 during pregnancy, exposure to certain medications or chemicals during pregnancy (such as retinoic acid), or intrauterine infections like rubella or cytomegalovirus.
A recent study also suggests that high levels of folic acid intake before and during early pregnancy may reduce the risk for ASD in children born to women with folate-sensitive genotypes. As such, many doctors recommend taking prenatal vitamins containing folic acid starting at least three months prior to conception.
In conclusion, while there may not be one single known cause behind all cases of atrial septal defect (ASD), there are several risk factors associated with this condition which parents should pay attention to in order to reduce their child’s chances for developing it – including family history; prenatal diagnosis; exposure to diseases like rubella virus infection; chemical toxins such as retinoic acid; and changeable lifestyle elements such maternal nutrition patterns before and during early stages on pregnancy - which could have an impactful role on reducing risks.
Q. Hello Doctor, from past 3 weeks I have too much dandruff problem and it cause hair loss will you suggest any best solution for this?
Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.
Answered by Secondmedic ExpertDealing with excessive dandruff leading to hair loss can be frustrating, but there are effective ways to address this issue. Here's what you can do:
1. Switch to a Gentle Shampoo: Opt for shampoos specifically designed for dandruff, containing ingredients like ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, coal tar, or selenium sulfide. Use these shampoos regularly to reduce dandruff buildup.
2. Scalp Massage: Gently massage your scalp while shampooing to help remove flakes and improve blood circulation, which can promote healthier hair growth.
3. Avoid Hot Water: Wash your hair with lukewarm water instead of hot water, as hot water can dry out your scalp and worsen dandruff.
4. Balanced Diet: Ensure you're eating a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals essential for healthy hair and scalp, such as omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, and B vitamins.
5. Manage Stress: Stress can exacerbate dandruff problems. Practice stress-relief techniques like meditation, yoga, or regular exercise to help manage stress levels.
6. Apple Cider Vinegar Rinse: Consider using diluted apple cider vinegar as a rinse after shampooing. It can help restore the scalp's pH balance and reduce dandruff.
7. Consult a Dermatologist: If the issue persists despite trying home remedies or over-the-counter solutions, seek advice from a dermatologist. They can provide a personalized treatment plan tailored to your specific scalp condition.
Remember, consistency is key when dealing with dandruff. Give these remedies some time to work, as immediate results might not always occur. It's essential to find what works best for your scalp, so don't get discouraged if you don't see immediate improvements.
Taking care of your scalp health not only addresses dandruff but also aids in reducing hair loss associated with this issue. Feel free to incorporate these tips into your routine and observe how your scalp responds. If the problem persists or worsens, seeking professional guidance is always recommended.
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