Q. What is the hole in heart valve syndrome?
Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.
Hole in heart valve syndrome, or atrioventricular canal defect (AVCD), is a congenital disorder. It occurs when there is an abnormal connection between the upper chambers of the heart and its lower chambers. The hole allows oxygen-poor blood from the right side of the heart to mix with oxygen-rich blood from the left side, resulting in inefficient oxygen delivery throughout the body.
The most common symptoms are shortness of breath, fatigue, irregular heartbeat or palpitations, bluish discoloration around lips and fingernails (due to inadequate oxygen levels), breathing difficulties during exertion or sleeping and chest pain on exertion.
Diagnosis may involve physical examination (including lung sounds), echocardiogram/ECG exams to observe changes in rhythm with respiration, chest X-ray films to assess size and shape of cardiac structures as well as pulmonary vessels’ condition and lab tests that measure hormone levels that report abnormal electrolyte levels related to cardiac function issues. Treatment includes medication such as diuretics for fluid retention in tissue; anticoagulants for prevention of blood clots; angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) which slow down progression; beta-blockers that reduce pressure by reducing LV contractility & slowing HR; antiarrhythmic drugs like amiodarone etc., to regulate heart beat pattern; warfarin which prevents strokes by preventing clot formation within chamber walls ; surgical repair where possible.
Some lifestyle modifications like reduction or elimination of salt intake , improved diet rich in potassium through fruits & vegetables along with exercise can further help manage AVCD related symptoms. In cases where surgery isn’t feasible due long term medical complications or advanced age then good post operative management is required for life long monitoring & care involving regular follow up examinations & medications prescribed accordingly .
Q. Hello Doctor, from past 3 weeks I have too much dandruff problem and it cause hair loss will you suggest any best solution for this?
Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.
Answered by Secondmedic ExpertDealing with excessive dandruff leading to hair loss can be frustrating, but there are effective ways to address this issue. Here's what you can do:
1. Switch to a Gentle Shampoo: Opt for shampoos specifically designed for dandruff, containing ingredients like ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, coal tar, or selenium sulfide. Use these shampoos regularly to reduce dandruff buildup.
2. Scalp Massage: Gently massage your scalp while shampooing to help remove flakes and improve blood circulation, which can promote healthier hair growth.
3. Avoid Hot Water: Wash your hair with lukewarm water instead of hot water, as hot water can dry out your scalp and worsen dandruff.
4. Balanced Diet: Ensure you're eating a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals essential for healthy hair and scalp, such as omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, and B vitamins.
5. Manage Stress: Stress can exacerbate dandruff problems. Practice stress-relief techniques like meditation, yoga, or regular exercise to help manage stress levels.
6. Apple Cider Vinegar Rinse: Consider using diluted apple cider vinegar as a rinse after shampooing. It can help restore the scalp's pH balance and reduce dandruff.
7. Consult a Dermatologist: If the issue persists despite trying home remedies or over-the-counter solutions, seek advice from a dermatologist. They can provide a personalized treatment plan tailored to your specific scalp condition.
Remember, consistency is key when dealing with dandruff. Give these remedies some time to work, as immediate results might not always occur. It's essential to find what works best for your scalp, so don't get discouraged if you don't see immediate improvements.
Taking care of your scalp health not only addresses dandruff but also aids in reducing hair loss associated with this issue. Feel free to incorporate these tips into your routine and observe how your scalp responds. If the problem persists or worsens, seeking professional guidance is always recommended.
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