Q. Which vein is used for a coronary artery bypass?
Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.
A coronary artery bypass is a surgical procedure in which a healthy vein or artery is grafted onto the blocked coronary artery of a patient to restore blood flow and oxygen delivery to the heart. The most commonly used vessel for bypass grafting is the saphenous vein, harvested from either the leg (medial or lateral) or arm (radial). The great saphenous vein, located deep in your thigh, can be removed with minimal risks and complications. It’s easy for surgeons to find since it courses close to the surface on its way from ankle up your leg.
The internal mammary arteries, located behind each breastplate near your chest wall, are also suitable for bypass surgery. These vessels have low rates of blockage following bypass; however harvesting them often involves cutting through muscle in order to reach them and that can cause significant postoperative pain at some point after the surgery has been completed.
In some cases when both legs cannot provide enough vessel segments needed during a complex multiple-vessel coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), right gastroepiploic arterial grafts may be utilized as well. This type of grafting involves taking one end of an attached stomach portion directly into place without having go through any major incisions. In more challenging procedures where more than four vessels need revascularizing, radial arteries between hand and forearm may be used too although risk involved here is higher as these vessels shrink quickly when not supplied with oxygen rich blood by their native heart chamber if used in CABG surgeries.
Finally synthetic conduits such as Dacron prosthetic vascular material may also be used during some extreme cases but this type of material carries significantly greater long-term risks due to potential infection or failure from prolonged wear/tear which traditional veins/arteries do not face because they’re alive tissues within body’s own vascular system already accustomed normal activity level pressure waves generated by cardiac contractions over time!
Q. Hello Doctor, from past 3 weeks I have too much dandruff problem and it cause hair loss will you suggest any best solution for this?
Doctor Answer is medically reviewed by SecondMedic medical review team.
Answered by Secondmedic ExpertDealing with excessive dandruff leading to hair loss can be frustrating, but there are effective ways to address this issue. Here's what you can do:
1. Switch to a Gentle Shampoo: Opt for shampoos specifically designed for dandruff, containing ingredients like ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, coal tar, or selenium sulfide. Use these shampoos regularly to reduce dandruff buildup.
2. Scalp Massage: Gently massage your scalp while shampooing to help remove flakes and improve blood circulation, which can promote healthier hair growth.
3. Avoid Hot Water: Wash your hair with lukewarm water instead of hot water, as hot water can dry out your scalp and worsen dandruff.
4. Balanced Diet: Ensure you're eating a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals essential for healthy hair and scalp, such as omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, and B vitamins.
5. Manage Stress: Stress can exacerbate dandruff problems. Practice stress-relief techniques like meditation, yoga, or regular exercise to help manage stress levels.
6. Apple Cider Vinegar Rinse: Consider using diluted apple cider vinegar as a rinse after shampooing. It can help restore the scalp's pH balance and reduce dandruff.
7. Consult a Dermatologist: If the issue persists despite trying home remedies or over-the-counter solutions, seek advice from a dermatologist. They can provide a personalized treatment plan tailored to your specific scalp condition.
Remember, consistency is key when dealing with dandruff. Give these remedies some time to work, as immediate results might not always occur. It's essential to find what works best for your scalp, so don't get discouraged if you don't see immediate improvements.
Taking care of your scalp health not only addresses dandruff but also aids in reducing hair loss associated with this issue. Feel free to incorporate these tips into your routine and observe how your scalp responds. If the problem persists or worsens, seeking professional guidance is always recommended.
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