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Published on: Apr 04, 2020
2 minute read
By: Dr Rajan Choudhary

COVID-19 LOCKDOWN !

As the cases continue to increase worldwide more and more countries have begun to take drastic measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. In some places it is clear containment is no longer achievable, as too many people have become infected and the natural exponential increase in number of cases is inevitable. Now the focus switches to damage mitigation.

We first saw this in Wuhan, with city wide quarantine measures. Then Italy enacted similar measures, now extending across the country with all non-essential services and businesses closed for the foreseeable future. The Italian health service has become strained with the rising patient load, with reports of drastic measures taken in hospitals including conversion of operating theatres into intensive care bays. We have previously discussed the effect this has had on the Italian economy.

A NEW EPICENTRE

With Europe now seen as the “epicentre” of the pandemic, other countries have begun following suit. Spain is the second hardest hit country in Europe, with 6,000 infections and nearly 200 deaths. After a lengthy meeting of the government cabinet, the Spanish PM has enacted a partial lockdown of the country, with the use of armed forces on standby to assist. This includes closure of all shops except those selling food and basic necessities, reduction in medium-distance rail traffic to stem the spread of people around the country, and economic measures to support business workers.

France has also shut down all non-essential businesses, with food shops, chemists, banks and petrol stations remaining unaffected. The PM urged a reduction in travel amongst the population, and to enact “social distancing”. Germany has 3,800 cases but remarkably has only had 8 deaths so far. Berlin has banned all public and private events with more than 50 participants, with similar bans occurring in other cities across the countries.

So what do they hope to achieve with such measures? At first people were advised to take measures to wash hands, practice basic hygiene, self-quarantine if developing symptoms. But it became apparent this was not enough. Social distancing and lockdowns further reduce the spread of the virus by drastically reducing the number of people out in public, the number of interactions they can have. Schools and universities act as breeding grounds for infections, large congregations amongst which respiratory infections can spread like wildfire.

SHUT DOWN EVERYTHING

Lockdown also carries great political power. People respond well to drastic action, rather than soft recommendations to slightly change their daily habit with washing hands and increased hygiene. This is why masks have been so popular amongst the populous. It is decisive, it is visible. It is however NOT recommended by the WHO and most governments to wear as it is unnecessary unless around infected patients, and increased demands is straining supply for medical professionals and those who truly need it.

Similarly, Lockdown is a decisive action. It reassures the population that something is being done, that the government is taking the IT seriously. But it is not a cure to COVID. It is a plaster, a temporary stopping measure, one that cannot continue indefinitely. Shutting businesses can seriously affect the economy, affect people’s income and subsequently prevent them from paying off mortgages or loans. Forcing children to stay at home can affect their education, parents have to choose whether to work or look after their unsupervised kids.

It’s true that lockdown is now a necessity in some countries, and the lockdown of the Hubei province and parts of China was credited with significantly slowing down the spread of COVID. But it will not stop the viral spread completely. For this reason the UK has adopted an alternate strategy, one that we will discuss in our next blog.

Dr Rajan Choudhary, London UK

Head Of Products, Second Medic Inc

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Pale Skin Symptoms: Causes, Health Conditions, and When to Seek Medical Care

Skin colour provides important clues about internal health. When the skin becomes noticeably lighter than usual, it may indicate an underlying medical condition. Pale skin symptoms, also referred to as pallor, are commonly associated with reduced blood flow, low hemoglobin levels or impaired oxygen delivery to tissues.

In India, pale skin is frequently linked to anemia, nutritional deficiencies and chronic illnesses, making early recognition essential.

What Is Pale Skin?

Pale skin refers to:

lighter-than-normal skin tone
reduced redness
pale appearance of lips, gums or nail beds

It can affect the entire body or specific areas such as the face or hands.

Common Pale Skin Symptoms

Typical signs include:

pale face or complexion
pale lips or tongue
light-colored gums
pale nail beds
cold hands and feet
fatigue and weakness

These symptoms often occur together.

Most Common Causes of Pale Skin

Anemia

Anemia occurs when hemoglobin levels are low.

This reduces oxygen delivery to tissues, causing:

pale skin
fatigue
breathlessness
dizziness

NFHS-5 reports anemia affects a large proportion of Indian adults, especially women.

Iron Deficiency

Iron deficiency is the leading cause of anemia.

Contributing factors include:

poor dietary intake
blood loss
absorption problems

ICMR identifies iron deficiency as a major public health issue.

Poor Blood Circulation

Reduced circulation causes:

less blood reaching the skin
visible pallor

Conditions such as heart disease or shock impair circulation.

Acute Blood Loss

Sudden blood loss from:

injury
gastrointestinal bleeding
heavy menstrual bleeding

can cause rapid pallor and weakness.

Chronic Diseases

Chronic illnesses such as:

kidney disease
liver disease
cancer

often cause anemia and pallor over time.

Infections and Inflammation

Severe infections cause:

blood vessel constriction
redistribution of blood flow

This leads to pale or clammy skin.

Nutritional Deficiencies

Deficiencies of:

vitamin B12
folate

affect red blood cell production and cause pallor.

Hormonal Imbalance

Conditions like hypothyroidism reduce metabolic activity, causing:

pale, dry skin
fatigue

Thyroid disorders are common but underdiagnosed.

Genetic Conditions

Inherited disorders such as thalassemia affect hemoglobin production, leading to chronic pallor.

Pale Skin in Children and Older Adults

Children:

may develop pallor due to iron deficiency or infections

Older adults:

often develop pallor due to chronic disease or nutritional deficiency

Both groups need careful evaluation.

Warning Signs That Need Immediate Medical Attention

Seek urgent care if pale skin is associated with:

sudden weakness
chest pain
breathlessness
fainting
rapid heartbeat

These may indicate serious medical emergencies.

How Pale Skin Affects Daily Life

Persistent pallor often causes:

low energy
reduced physical endurance
difficulty concentrating

Quality of life may decline without treatment.

Diagnostic Evaluation

Doctors may recommend:

complete blood count
iron studies
vitamin B12 and folate levels
kidney and liver function tests

Identifying the cause is critical for treatment.

Role of Preventive Health Checkups

Preventive screening helps detect:

early anemia
nutritional deficiencies
chronic disease

Early treatment prevents complications.

Management and Treatment Options

Treatment depends on cause and may include:

iron or vitamin supplementation
treatment of underlying disease
dietary correction
medical therapy for chronic conditions

Self-treatment without diagnosis should be avoided.

Lifestyle Measures to Prevent Pallor

Helpful strategies include:

balanced diet rich in iron and vitamins
adequate hydration
regular health monitoring
treating infections early

Lifestyle changes support long-term health.

Importance of Early Detection

Ignoring pale skin delays diagnosis of:

anemia
internal bleeding
chronic illness

Early recognition improves outcomes.

Conclusion

Pale skin symptoms are more than a cosmetic concern. They often signal anemia, poor circulation, nutritional deficiencies or underlying medical conditions. While temporary pallor may occur due to minor causes, persistent or sudden pale skin requires medical evaluation. Early diagnosis, preventive health screening and appropriate treatment can restore normal skin tone, improve energy levels and protect long-term health.

References

Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) – Anemia and Nutritional Deficiency Reports
National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) – Anemia and Adult Health Data
World Health Organization (WHO) – Anemia and Circulatory Health
Lancet – Pallor, Anemia and Chronic Disease Research
NITI Aayog – Preventive Healthcare and Early Symptom Detection

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