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Published on: Apr 04, 2020
3 minute read
By: Dr Rajan Choudhary

Developing A Vaccine For COVID-19? Part 1

It is often stated vaccination has made the greatest contribution to global health of any human discovery, other than clean water and sanitation, and their impact on everyday life is immediately evident. We have managed to completely eradicate two major infections from existence (smallpox and rinderpest) , and the WHO are working towards adding polio to that list.

In these cases the numbers speak for themselves. It is estimated that the eradication of smallpox in 1980 has saved 5 million lives per year, adding up to 150 to 200 million by 2018. Common vaccination programmes for polio, measles, mumps, rubella, rabies and hepatitis A have prevented nearly 200 million cases from occurring in the US alone over the past 50 years, and 4.5 billion instances of the diseases worldwide.

We have achieved a 99% immunisation rate against polio, preventing children from suffering crippling paralysis, and only 3 countries remain. Sadly, around 1.4 million children under 5 still die from preventable diseases each year as they do not have access to these life saving vaccines, but charities and public health organisations around the world are working hard to improve access.

So what are vaccines? And how will they help is in the face of the latest pandemic? Here we will go into the challenges behind making vaccines, and why a vaccine against COVID-19 is unlikely to be ready in the next few months, or even this year.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4024226/ contribution of vaccination

https://www.who.int/features/factfiles/polio/en/ polio eradication

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/03/170303163208.htm study article

WHAT IS A VACCINE

The human body’s immune system is incredibly smart. It is able to distinguish between infective organisms, such as bacteria, viruses and parasites, from our own body’s cells, target these invaders for destruction and keep our bodies healthy. Even better, the body remembers any previous infections it has had before, recognise these previous infections even quicker and even eradicate the disease before we know we are infected.

Vaccines target the immune system’s memory by presenting them with pieces of these infective diseases. The small amounts do not cause any infective symptoms, but if the person is infected later in life their body will mount a quicker response and prevent them from falling ill. These vaccines can contain broken up parts of the organisms, “dead” organisms or “live” versions that have been severely weakened so they cannot cause any harm.

In summary, medicines treat us when we get an infection. Vaccines make sure we never suffer from an infection in the first place.

https://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center/making-vaccines/how-are-vaccines-made Making Vaccines

THE HURDLES WE FACE IN RESEARCH

Making a vaccine is a difficult process, one that can take 3–5 years and cost hundreds of millions of dollars, sometimes billions of dollars. This is because there are many difficult steps to be taken in the process of creating a vaccine that is effective, but more importantly one that is safe.

To start with the troubling organism has to be identified. For COVID-19 it took a few weeks to recognise the virus responsible, and some time more to understand its genetic code and grow the virus in lab conditions. We then have to understand the virus, how it infects, how it causes symptoms, and how it has mutated compared to the coronaviruses responsible for SARS and MERS.

After this, we have to isolate parts of the virus our immune system will recognise. This is usually the outside coat of the virus. The DNA responsible for making these parts need to be found in the virus’ genetic code, and put inside other “skeleton” viruses. This will force the dummy virus to look like coronavirus, without the ability to infect and kill someone.

These dummy viruses can be injected into animals to see if it causes an immune reaction, whether the immune system recognises it as the coronavirus responsible for COVID-19, and whether it will protect the animal from the real COVID-19. Up to now the research has likely cost a few million dollars. The next step is when the price inflates up to billions.

If the vaccine appears safe in animals, it can be tested in humans. This can be dangerous at first, since we don’t know whether a vaccine that works in an animal will work in a human. And we don’t know if there will be any side effects to the vaccine. Human testing has to be very thorough, very careful, and safe for use. If you give too much of the virus it might make the person sick, too little and it wont immunise the person. These clinical trials can take years, and if the vaccine fails at this point its back to the drawing board, to try another step.

https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/10/how-to-make-an-ebola-vaccine-5-simplified-steps/454443/ ebola vaccine

Now we have a basic understanding of what vaccines are and why it takes so long to make a vaccine. In the next part we will look at why viral vaccines can cause even more problems, and how far we have come with the COVID-19 vaccine,

Dr Rajan Choudhary, London UK

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Monthly Healthy Potluck at Health Hubs: Building Community-Centered Preventive Wellness in India

India is facing a growing burden of lifestyle-related health conditions, including diabetes, obesity, hypertension and heart disease. According to ICMR and NFHS-5 data, dietary habits play a central role in the development and prevention of these conditions. While awareness around nutrition is increasing, sustaining healthy eating habits remains a challenge for many individuals.

The Monthly Healthy Potluck at Health Hubs is a community-driven initiative designed to address this gap. By bringing people together around nutritious food, shared learning and expert guidance, these potlucks transform healthy eating from an individual responsibility into a collective experience.

SecondMedic supports these events as part of its broader preventive healthcare mission, combining community engagement with medical expertise and digital health tools.

Why Community-Based Nutrition Initiatives Matter in India

1. Rising lifestyle disease burden

ICMR reports show that diet-related conditions account for a significant proportion of non-communicable diseases in India. Excess sugar, refined carbohydrates and processed foods are common contributors.

2. Nutrition knowledge gaps

NFHS-5 highlights widespread deficiencies in:

protein intake
micronutrients
dietary diversity

Community events help translate knowledge into practice.

3. Behaviour change is easier together

Research published in The Lancet suggests that group-based interventions are more effective in sustaining lifestyle changes than isolated efforts.

4. Cultural relevance of shared meals

Food is deeply social in Indian culture. Potlucks leverage this tradition to promote healthier choices without imposing rigid rules.

What Is the Monthly Healthy Potluck at Health Hubs?

The Monthly Healthy Potluck is a recurring wellness event hosted at designated Health Hubs. Participants bring healthy, home-prepared dishes and engage in guided discussions about nutrition, ingredients and portion balance.

The goal is not calorie counting, but mindful, informed eating that aligns with preventive health principles.

Key Components of the Healthy Potluck Program

1. Nutritious Home-Cooked Food

Participants are encouraged to prepare dishes using:

whole grains
seasonal vegetables
lean proteins
healthy fats
minimal added sugar and salt

This showcases practical, everyday meals rather than restrictive diets.

2. Nutrition Education in Simple Language

Dietitians and healthcare professionals explain:

why certain ingredients are beneficial
how portion sizes affect metabolism
ways to modify traditional recipes for better health

This bridges the gap between theory and daily cooking.

3. Peer Learning and Motivation

Participants learn from each other’s recipes, challenges and successes. This shared experience builds motivation and accountability.

4. Preventive Health Focus

Discussions link food choices to prevention of:

diabetes
heart disease
obesity
gut disorders
nutrient deficiencies

The emphasis is on long-term wellbeing, not short-term fixes.

Who Can Benefit from Monthly Healthy Potlucks?

Working professionals

Learn quick, balanced meal ideas suited for busy schedules.

Families

Encourage healthier eating habits for children and elders alike.

Seniors

Focus on nutrient-dense foods that support ageing and immunity.

Individuals with lifestyle conditions

Gain practical guidance for diabetes-friendly, heart-healthy or weight-conscious meals.

Health-conscious individuals

Build consistency and community support around wellness goals.

The Role of Health Hubs in Preventive Care

Health Hubs act as physical spaces where preventive healthcare becomes accessible and engaging. By hosting regular potlucks, these hubs move beyond diagnostics and consultations to address everyday behaviours that shape health outcomes.

SecondMedic integrates these community activities with:

preventive screening programs
nutrition consultations
AI Health Guide insights
digital health records

This ensures that learning from the potluck translates into measurable health improvements.

How AI Health Guide Enhances Community Nutrition Programs

SecondMedic’s AI Health Guide complements potluck initiatives by:

• Identifying common dietary gaps

Based on participant data and screening results.

• Personalising recommendations

Aligns food choices with individual health profiles.

• Tracking progress over time

Monitors changes in weight, glucose, cholesterol and energy levels.

• Supporting expert guidance

Provides data-backed insights for dietitians during discussions.

This blend of community engagement and technology strengthens preventive outcomes.

Benefits of Monthly Healthy Potlucks

1. Improved nutrition awareness

Participants gain clarity on healthy ingredients and cooking methods.

2. Sustainable behaviour change

Monthly repetition reinforces habits without overwhelm.

3. Reduced reliance on processed food

Exposure to simple, healthy recipes encourages home cooking.

4. Stronger community bonds

Shared goals foster trust, motivation and support.

5. Alignment with preventive healthcare

Nutrition becomes a proactive tool for disease prevention.

Long-Term Impact on Public Health

Community-driven initiatives like healthy potlucks can have a significant impact on public health outcomes. According to WHO and NITI Aayog, population-level dietary improvements are among the most cost-effective strategies for reducing non-communicable diseases.

By normalising healthy eating through social interaction, Monthly Healthy Potlucks contribute to:

reduced lifestyle disease risk
improved dietary diversity
greater health literacy

How SecondMedic Supports and Scales These Initiatives

SecondMedic plays a key role in ensuring that these events are structured, evidence-based and scalable by providing:

• Expert involvement

Dietitians and doctors guide discussions.

• Digital follow-up

Participants receive personalised insights post-event.

• Preventive health integration

Links potluck learnings with screenings and consultations.

• Community engagement tools

Newsletters, reminders and educational resources maintain momentum.

Conclusion

The Monthly Healthy Potluck at Health Hubs represents a powerful shift in how preventive healthcare is delivered in India. By combining community participation, nutrition education and expert guidance, these events make healthy eating practical, enjoyable and sustainable. Supported by SecondMedic’s preventive healthcare ecosystem, healthy potlucks transform everyday food choices into long-term wellness strategies.

7?? References

ICMR – Dietary Patterns and Lifestyle Disease Prevention
National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) – Nutrition and Health Indicators
NITI Aayog – Preventive Health and Community Wellness Reports
WHO – Community-Based Nutrition Interventions Guidelines
Lancet – Effectiveness of Group-Based Lifestyle Interventions
Statista – Nutrition Awareness and Preventive Health Trends India
EY-FICCI – Preventive Healthcare and Community Engagement Studies

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