• Published on: Dec 26, 2021
  • 3 minute read
  • By: Second Medic Expert

Diarrhea Treatment, Symptoms, Causes, Prevention ?

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First, it is important to distinguish between infantile and non-infantile diarrhea. The first type of diarrhea usually starts as an infection in the intestines and ends as a short illness, typically with weight loss and other symptoms not typical of food poisoning such as fever and bloody stools. The other type refers to gastroenteritis which presents itself with stomach cramps or pain, nausea, vomiting, fatigue or low energy levels and general sense of unwellness.

How to treat diarrhea:

  • First and foremost, drink lots of fluids (water!). It is also very important to stay hydrated in order to prevent further dehydration . If your doctor recommends it, you can take medication such as rehydration salts or ZP12 for this 
  • Stay away from spicy food 
  • Eat small portions and eat more frequently than usual  -Remember, if you feel better after eating a certain food then you should continue eating that kind of food! It might be helpful to try out different foods until you find what works best for your system. This way the cycle doesn't continue and just becomes worse. 

Diarrhea is caused by an infection, food poisoning or water-borne illness.
Diarrhea doesn't usually occur without other symptoms; however, some people experience diarrhea as their first sign of an intestinal disorder such as irritable bowel syndrome or celiac disease.

In most cases of diarrhea, there's no way to avoid it because the cause isn't known. However, certain preventive measures include avoiding contact with people who have infections and washing your hands thoroughly after using a public restroom. In addition, you should wash good kitchen utensils before preparing foods that might have been contaminated with bacteria from raw meat or seafood products that didn't go through a kill step.


Diarrhea is a common sign of a number of different bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. The most common kinds are food poisoning from E. coli or Salmonella contamination, traveller's diarrhea from eating dirty salads and drinks, cyclospora infection from eating infected fruits and vegetables - often in South East Asia where outbreaks have been well recognised among backpackers - the rotavirus transmitted by children excreting it to each other during playtime or daycare.

The treatment for diarrhoea is usually supportive care with replenishing fluids lost due to vomiting and premature toilet use. Antibiotics can be prescribed to cover possible bacterial causes but they will not help viruses or parasites.

Diarrhea is a symptom, not an illness. If the diarrhea lasts for more than a few days symtpoms worsen and complications can develop. There are many possible causes including virus, bacteria, food poisoning as well as thyroid disorders and other endocrine diseases that result in diarrhea.


Symptoms of Diarrhea 

  • Infection from bacteria or viruses 

  • Infection from parasites 

  • Deficient intake of fluids or foreign substances in stool 

  • Fecal impaction (feces harden inside the rectum) 
  • Systemic bacterial infection due to incompetent immune system, typically found

A healthy adult's body has a certain level of "bacteria", and when the balance between good things you take in, and bad things that happen to your body is out of whack, then you'll experience diarrhea. Probiotic supplements may also help.
Maintaining a Normal Balance- Eat fruits and vegetables to get nutrients from a wide variety of sources. Avoid sugar while your stomach is healing because it often causes gas, bloating, or constipation if eaten within hours after taking Imodium Acids or Kaopectate . Drink enough fluids to keep well hydrated without drinking too many liquids towards the end which may cause an overdose.

There are some things you can do to help deal with diarrhea if it's due to a virus. Drink plenty of fluids, take some over-the-counter anti nausea, and replace electrolytes with a little more sugar or water that the body is going to expel anyway. If drinking liquids isn't something you can handle, talk to a doctor about giving an IV solution of sugar and water as well as magnesium sulfate for cramping.

If your diarrhea is caused by an antibiotic or another chemical make sure you contact your physician immediately! You may want to wait 24 hours from the last dose before taking any medicine for this stomach ache symptom though.
It is essential to have a good source of fluids, so it's important to drink plenty of fluids in order to stay hydrated. This includes water and also other liquids, such as non-carbonated fruit beverage, ginger ale, apple juice without added sugar or artificial sweeteners. Options might include wearing loose-fitting clothing and taking an over the counter medication like Immodium or Loperamide for diarrhea relief.

You should contact the doctor if you are sick with diarrhea for longer than 3 days regardless of age because this could be serious. It is also advised that you do not eat any more uncooked food if your stomach has been upset by these foods in the past.

Diarrhea is also known as acute diarrhoea, the runs or piles. It causes stomach cramps, nausea and excesses of pale yellow bowel movements which are more frequent than normal. There are different types of diarrhea you can have according to the cause or type of bacteria that's causing it. You may want to take for example metronidazole if you're experiencing traveler's diarrhea, take bismuth subcitrate potassium for colitis, tetracycline if you're taking antibiotics...etc. 

You always want to drink plenty liquids since dehydration can worsen the symptoms (which worsens diarrhea). Diarrhea is a symptom and not a disease. You need to know what your primary cause or risk factors are in order to eliminate or reduce the chances of it happening again.
Symptoms may include bloated stomach, abdominal cramps, vomiting, excessive gas, mucous in stool. Causes can be food poisoning--such as from Salmonella infection--diarrhea caused by bacteria such as Campylobacter or E coli that gets into food from things like raw fruits and vegetables that have been washed but not peeled well enough before being cut up for use in salads-or Diarrhea caused by bacteria such as Vibrio cholerae which enter the body through contaminated water drunk while swimming in polluted seawater 
 

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Early Diagnosis of Diabetes

Early Diagnosis of Diabetes: How HbA1c Tests Can Save Lives

Diabetes has become a global health concern, with millions of individuals affected worldwide. Early detection is vital in managing diabetes and preventing long-term complications. Among the various diagnostic tools available, the HbA1c test stands out as a crucial method for identifying and monitoring diabetes. This blog will explore the HbA1c test for diabetes, its procedure, cost, interpretation, and benefits, along with why it’s essential for early diagnosis.

What is an HbA1c Test?

The HbA1c test, also known as the glycated haemoglobin test, measures the average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. Unlike a fasting glucose test, it provides a broader view of blood sugar management, making it an effective tool for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes.

The importance of the HbA1c test in early diabetes detection cannot be overstated. It not only helps diagnose diabetes but also identifies prediabetes, enabling early intervention to prevent the progression of the disease.

How HbA1c Levels Indicate Prediabetes

An HbA1c result between 5.7% and 6.4% indicates prediabetes, while a level of 6.5% or higher confirms diabetes. Understanding how HbA1c levels indicate prediabetes is crucial, as early identification allows for lifestyle changes that can significantly reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

For non-diabetic adults, the normal HbA1c range is below 5.7%. Keeping your levels within this range is a marker of good metabolic health.

HbA1c Test Procedure and What to Expect

The HbA1c test procedure is simple and minimally invasive. Here’s what to expect:

  1. Blood Sample Collection: A small blood sample is taken from a vein in your arm or through a finger prick.

  2. Laboratory Analysis: The sample is sent to a lab where the haemoglobin’s glycated percentage is measured.

  3. Quick Results: Many labs provide results within a day, ensuring timely diagnosis.

Patients undergoing the test need not fast, making it more convenient compared to other blood sugar tests.

HbA1c Test Cost

The HbA1c test cost varies depending on your location and the healthcare provider. On average, it ranges between 500 and 2000. Some insurance plans may cover the cost, especially if recommended by a physician. For individuals without insurance, some community health centres offer discounted rates to ensure accessibility.

HbA1c Test Interpretation

Understanding HbA1c test interpretation is key to effective diabetes management. Here’s a breakdown:

  • Below 5.7%: Normal range for non-diabetic adults.

  • 5.7% - 6.4%: Prediabetes. A wake-up call for lifestyle changes.

  • 6.5% or Higher: Diabetes. Immediate medical attention and treatment are required.

Interpreting the results in the context of other health markers ensures a comprehensive approach to diabetes care.

Benefits of Early Diabetes Screening with HbA1c

The benefits of early diabetes screening with HbA1c are numerous:

  1. Prevention of Complications: Early detection allows for interventions that prevent serious complications such as heart disease, kidney damage, and vision loss.

  2. Better Blood Sugar Management: Regular monitoring through HbA1c tests helps in adjusting treatments and maintaining optimal blood sugar levels.

  3. Convenience: Unlike fasting tests, the HbA1c test can be performed at any time of the day.

  4. Long-term Insights: By reflecting blood sugar levels over a prolonged period, the test provides a clearer picture of metabolic health.

Why Regular Testing Matters

For individuals at risk of diabetes, such as those with a family history or obesity, regular HbA1c testing is critical. It enables healthcare providers to track trends in blood sugar levels and recommend timely interventions. Additionally, the test is instrumental in tailoring personalized treatment plans for diabetic patients.

Conclusion

Early diagnosis of diabetes through HbA1c tests can be life-saving. From understanding the HbA1c test procedure to interpreting its results, this diagnostic tool offers a comprehensive solution for detecting and managing diabetes. With the growing prevalence of diabetes worldwide, the importance of the HbA1c test in early diabetes detection cannot be overstated.

At Second Medic, we prioritize your health by offering reliable lab testing services, including HbA1c tests. If you suspect you’re at risk or simply want to stay proactive about your health, book an HbA1c test today and take the first step toward a healthier future.

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