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Published on: Mar 29, 2022
2 minute read
By: Second Medic Expert

Kidney Stones Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, And Treatment

Kidney stones are one of the most common urinary tract disorders, affecting around 1 in 11 people. Although they can cause excruciating pain, kidney stones are usually harmless and can be treated easily. Kidney stones develop when certain chemicals build up in the urine and form crystals. These crystals can grow into large masses, known as stones. Stones can develop anywhere in the urinary tract, but most commonly occur in the kidneys or bladder.

There are a variety of different treatment options available for kidney stones, depending on the size and location of the stone. Smaller stones may pass on their own without any treatment necessary. Larger stones may need to be broken up with sound waves or surgically removed.

Kidney stones occur when calcium or other minerals build up in the kidney to form a stone-like mass. Stones can range in size from a grain of sand to a pea and may be as large as a golf ball. Most kidney stones eventually pass out of the body on their own without causing permanent damage. However, large kidney stones may cause severe pain and blockage of the urine flow. Some kidney stones require treatment with Surgery, sound waves, or Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) to break them into smaller pieces that can be passed naturally.

Kidney stones are one of the most common disorders of the urinary tract. They occur when tiny crystals form in the urine and become hard over time. Kidney stones can vary in size from a grain of sand to a golf ball and can cause severe pain. There are several types of kidney stones, but the most common type is made up of calcium oxalate. Other types include uric acid stones, struvite stones, and cystine stones. Kidney stones usually develop when there is an imbalance in the normal substances that make up urine. When these crystals form, they can stick together and create a stone. Dehydration is a major contributing factor to kidney stone formation.

There are several different types of kidney stones, but the most common type is made up of calcium oxalate crystals. Other less common types include uric acid, Struvite, and cystine stones. Treatment for kidney stones depends on the type of stone involved and may involve surgery, medications, or other medical procedures. There are multiple things that can cause kidney stones, including a high intake of certain types of food and beverages, dehydration, and a family history of the condition. The most common type of kidney stone is made up of calcium oxalate crystals, but other substances like uric acid or struvite can also cause stones to form.

Once a stone forms in the kidney, it can travel down the ureter (the tube connecting the kidney to the bladder) and get stuck. Kidney stones often cause no symptoms until they start to move down the ureters (the tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder). This can cause severe pain in the lower abdomen and groin, as well as generalized abdominal pain and nausea.

They affect men and women of all ages, although they are most common in adults between the ages of 20 and 40. Kidney stones can be extremely painful and can cause serious health complications if left untreated. The good news is that kidney stones can be effectively treated, and in many cases, prevented altogether.

Most kidney stones can be treated with medication or surgery. But you may be able to prevent them by making some changes to your diet and lifestyle. If you’re wondering how to treat kidney stones, the first step is to see a doctor. They will likely order some tests, including a CT scan or an ultrasound, to get a better idea of the size and location of the stone. They will also order a urine test to

There are four types of kidney stones: calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, and struvite. Kidney stones can range in size from a small grain of sand to a large pebble. Most kidney stones pass out of the body without causing any damage. However, if a stone does not pass on its own and instead lodges in the urinary tract (ureter), it can block urine flow and cause pain.

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How Poor Hydration Affects Joint Health: Why Water Matters for Mobility

Water is essential for nearly every function in the human body, yet many people underestimate its importance for joint health. While hydration is commonly associated with digestion and skin health, it also plays a crucial role in maintaining smooth and pain-free joint movement.

Understanding how poor hydration affects joint health can help prevent stiffness, discomfort and long-term mobility issues.

The Role of Water in Joint Function

Joints are where two bones meet, allowing movement and flexibility. Healthy joints rely on:

Cartilage
Synovial fluid
Ligaments
Tendons

Cartilage, which cushions bones, contains a high percentage of water. Synovial fluid acts as a lubricant, reducing friction during movement.

Proper hydration ensures these components function effectively.

What Happens When You Are Dehydrated?

When the body lacks sufficient water:

Synovial fluid production may decrease
Cartilage may lose elasticity
Joint cushioning becomes less effective

This can result in stiffness and discomfort.

1. Reduced Joint Lubrication

Synovial fluid requires adequate hydration to maintain volume and viscosity.

Without enough water:

Friction between bones increases
Movement becomes less smooth
Risk of wear and tear rises

2. Increased Joint Stiffness

Dehydration may cause joints to feel tight, especially:

In the morning
After prolonged sitting
During physical activity

Stiffness may limit flexibility.

3. Higher Risk of Injury

Poorly lubricated joints may be more prone to:

Sprains
Strains
Cartilage damage

Hydration supports tissue resilience.

4. Worsening of Existing Joint Conditions

Individuals with conditions such as osteoarthritis may experience increased discomfort if hydration is inadequate.

While water does not cure arthritis, it supports overall joint function.

5. Reduced Nutrient Delivery

Water helps transport nutrients to joint tissues.

Dehydration may impair circulation and nutrient exchange, slowing tissue repair.

Signs of Dehydration That May Affect Joints

Dry mouth
Dark urine
Fatigue
Headaches
Muscle cramps
Joint stiffness

Recognizing early dehydration signs prevents complications.

How Much Water Do You Need?

Hydration needs vary depending on:

Body weight
Climate
Physical activity level
Health conditions

On average, adults may require 2–3 liters of water daily.

In hot climates such as India, higher intake may be necessary due to increased sweating.

Tips to Maintain Proper Hydration

1. Drink Water Regularly

Do not wait until you feel thirsty.

2. Eat Water-Rich Foods

Include:

Cucumbers
Watermelon
Oranges
Tomatoes

3. Limit Excessive Caffeine and Alcohol

These may contribute to fluid loss.

4. Carry a Water Bottle

Keeping water accessible encourages consistent intake.

5. Hydrate Before and After Exercise

Physical activity increases fluid loss through sweat.

Hydration and Joint Health in India

In India’s hot and humid climate, dehydration is common, especially during summer months.

Outdoor workers, athletes and elderly individuals are particularly vulnerable.

Maintaining adequate hydration supports not only joint health but overall wellbeing.

When to Consult a Doctor

Seek medical advice if you experience:

Persistent joint pain
Swelling
Limited range of motion
Redness or warmth around joints

These may indicate underlying joint disorders requiring evaluation.

Conclusion

Poor hydration can negatively affect joint health by reducing lubrication, increasing stiffness and raising injury risk. Since cartilage and synovial fluid depend heavily on water, maintaining adequate hydration is essential for smooth movement and long-term mobility.

Drinking sufficient water daily is a simple yet powerful step toward protecting joint health. Combined with regular exercise and balanced nutrition, proper hydration supports active and pain-free living.

Small daily hydration habits can make a significant difference in how your joints feel and function.

References

Indian Council of Medical Research – Hydration Guidelines
World Health Organization – Water and Health Resources
Indian Journal of Orthopaedics – Joint Health Studies
National Institute of Nutrition India – Fluid Intake Recommendations
Journal of Sports Medicine – Hydration and Musculoskeletal Health Research

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