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Published on: May 03, 2024
2 minute read
By: SecondMedic Expert

Liver Function Tests In Hepatitis And Liver Disease

Book Liver Function Test(LFT)

Liver illnesses such as cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, liver cancer, and hepatitis (viral hepatitis) are all diagnosed and tracked with the use of liver function tests, or LFTs. These tests measure particular proteins, chemicals, and enzymes in the blood to offer important insights into liver health. To effectively manage the disease and provide patient care, it is crucial to comprehend the significance of liver function tests in these circumstances.

Understanding Liver Function Tests (LFTs)

A class of blood tests known as liver function tests evaluates the liver's capacity to carry out essential tasks and looks for indications of liver damage or dysfunction. These tests usually involve measuring liver-produced proteins, bilirubin levels, and enzymes.

1. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST):

When liver cells are injured, two enzymes called ALT and AST are discharged into the bloodstream. Increased ALT and AST levels signify inflammation or damage to the liver. These enzymes are frequently increased in viral hepatitis (such hepatitis B and C) as a result of the immune system's reaction to the infection.

2. Bilirubin:

The yellow pigment known as bilirubin is created when red blood cells break down. Increased bilirubin levels may be a sign of cirrhosis or obstructive jaundice, which are disorders that impede liver function or bile flow obstruction.

3. Albumin and Total Protein:

Total protein and albumin levels are indicators of the liver's ability to synthesize proteins. Low levels could be a sign of malnutrition, chronic liver disease, or problems with the liver's ability to produce protein.

4. Prothrombin Time (PT):

PT gauges how well blood clots. Prolonged PT, which is frequently observed in advanced liver diseases such as cirrhosis, implies reduced hepatic synthesis of clotting components.

Tests of Liver Function in Hepatitis

One of the main causes of liver inflammation and damage is viral hepatitis. Tests for liver function are crucial for identifying and tracking viral hepatitis:

Hepatitis B: Prolonged liver inflammation brought on by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is indicated by elevated ALT and AST levels. Tracking these values aids in determining the severity of the illness and informs therapy choices.

Hepatitis C: Likewise, high levels of the liver enzymes AST and ALT indicate the presence of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Monitoring LFTs facilitates evaluation of liver damage progression and response to treatment.

Examinations of Liver Function in Fatty Liver Disease

Fat buildup in the liver is a hallmark of both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progressive version, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In NAFLD/NASH, liver test may reveal:

- Mild increase in ALT and AST due to inflammation in the liver.

- Abnormalities in the levels of bilirubin throughout the later stages of the illness.

- In severe cases, impaired production of proteins such as albumin.

Tests of Liver Function in Patients with Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer

Cirrhosis: Because of the compromised liver function, LFTs in cirrhosis frequently show low albumin levels, extended PT, and increased bilirubin. For the purpose of controlling problems and monitoring liver function over time, routine LFT monitoring is essential.

Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Imaging investigations, tumor markers, and liver function tests(LFT) help detect and track this disease. A liver tumor's advancement or liver function impairment brought on by cancer infiltration may be indicated by abnormal LFTs.

Conclusion

Liver function tests are indispensable tools in the diagnosis, staging, and monitoring of various liver diseases, including hepatitis, fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. These tests provide valuable insights into liver health by measuring specific enzymes, proteins, and substances in the blood. Understanding the significance of liver function tests in these conditions is essential for effective disease management and patient care.

Book Liver Function Test(LFT)

Read FAQs

A. Liver function tests are blood tests that evaluate the liver's performance and detect signs of liver damage or dysfunction. They measure enzymes, proteins, and substances produced by the liver, providing valuable insights into liver health. LFTs are essential for diagnosing and monitoring liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and fatty liver disease.

A. Abnormal LFT results can indicate various liver conditions. Elevated levels of enzymes like ALT and AST may suggest liver inflammation or injury, often seen in viral hepatitis. Abnormal bilirubin levels may indicate impaired liver function or bile flow obstruction. Low albumin levels could signify chronic liver disease or malnutrition. Prolonged PT may indicate impaired clotting function, common in advanced liver diseases like cirrhosis.

A. Liver function tests play a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring hepatitis (such as hepatitis B and C) and liver diseases like cirrhosis and fatty liver disease. Elevated ALT and AST levels in viral hepatitis indicate ongoing liver inflammation, while abnormal LFT patterns in fatty liver disease reveal fat accumulation and impaired liver function. Regular monitoring of LFTs helps assess disease activity and guide treatment decisions.

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Early Diagnosis of Diabetes: How HbA1c Tests Can Save Lives

Diabetes has become a global health concern, with millions of individuals affected worldwide. Early detection is vital in managing diabetes and preventing long-term complications. Among the various diagnostic tools available, the HbA1c test stands out as a crucial method for identifying and monitoring diabetes. This blog will explore the HbA1c test for diabetes, its procedure, cost, interpretation, and benefits, along with why it’s essential for early diagnosis.

What is an HbA1c Test?

The HbA1c test, also known as the glycated haemoglobin test, measures the average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. Unlike a fasting glucose test, it provides a broader view of blood sugar management, making it an effective tool for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes.

The importance of the HbA1c test in early diabetes detection cannot be overstated. It not only helps diagnose diabetes but also identifies prediabetes, enabling early intervention to prevent the progression of the disease.

How HbA1c Levels Indicate Prediabetes

An HbA1c result between 5.7% and 6.4% indicates prediabetes, while a level of 6.5% or higher confirms diabetes. Understanding how HbA1c levels indicate prediabetes is crucial, as early identification allows for lifestyle changes that can significantly reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

For non-diabetic adults, the normal HbA1c range is below 5.7%. Keeping your levels within this range is a marker of good metabolic health.

HbA1c Test Procedure and What to Expect

The HbA1c test procedure is simple and minimally invasive. Here’s what to expect:

Blood Sample Collection: A small blood sample is taken from a vein in your arm or through a finger prick.
Laboratory Analysis: The sample is sent to a lab where the haemoglobin’s glycated percentage is measured.
Quick Results: Many labs provide results within a day, ensuring timely diagnosis.

Patients undergoing the test need not fast, making it more convenient compared to other blood sugar tests.

HbA1c Test Cost

The HbA1c test cost varies depending on your location and the healthcare provider. On average, it ranges between 500 and 2000. Some insurance plans may cover the cost, especially if recommended by a physician. For individuals without insurance, some community health centres offer discounted rates to ensure accessibility.

HbA1c Test Interpretation

Understanding HbA1c test interpretation is key to effective diabetes management. Here’s a breakdown:

Below 5.7%: Normal range for non-diabetic adults.
5.7% - 6.4%: Prediabetes. A wake-up call for lifestyle changes.
6.5% or Higher: Diabetes. Immediate medical attention and treatment are required.

Interpreting the results in the context of other health markers ensures a comprehensive approach to diabetes care.

Benefits of Early Diabetes Screening with HbA1c

The benefits of early diabetes screening with HbA1c are numerous:

Prevention of Complications: Early detection allows for interventions that prevent serious complications such as heart disease, kidney damage, and vision loss.
Better Blood Sugar Management: Regular monitoring through HbA1c tests helps in adjusting treatments and maintaining optimal blood sugar levels.
Convenience: Unlike fasting tests, the HbA1c test can be performed at any time of the day.
Long-term Insights: By reflecting blood sugar levels over a prolonged period, the test provides a clearer picture of metabolic health.

Why Regular Testing Matters

For individuals at risk of diabetes, such as those with a family history or obesity, regular HbA1c testing is critical. It enables healthcare providers to track trends in blood sugar levels and recommend timely interventions. Additionally, the test is instrumental in tailoring personalized treatment plans for diabetic patients.

Conclusion

Early diagnosis of diabetes through HbA1c tests can be life-saving. From understanding the HbA1c test procedure to interpreting its results, this diagnostic tool offers a comprehensive solution for detecting and managing diabetes. With the growing prevalence of diabetes worldwide, the importance of the HbA1c test in early diabetes detection cannot be overstated.

At Second Medic, we prioritize your health by offering reliable lab testing services, including HbA1c tests. If you suspect you’re at risk or simply want to stay proactive about your health, book an HbA1c test today and take the first step toward a healthier future.