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Published on: May 03, 2024
2 minute read
By: SecondMedic Expert

Liver Function Tests In Hepatitis And Liver Disease

Book Liver Function Test(LFT)

Liver illnesses such as cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, liver cancer, and hepatitis (viral hepatitis) are all diagnosed and tracked with the use of liver function tests, or LFTs. These tests measure particular proteins, chemicals, and enzymes in the blood to offer important insights into liver health. To effectively manage the disease and provide patient care, it is crucial to comprehend the significance of liver function tests in these circumstances.

Understanding Liver Function Tests (LFTs)

A class of blood tests known as liver function tests evaluates the liver's capacity to carry out essential tasks and looks for indications of liver damage or dysfunction. These tests usually involve measuring liver-produced proteins, bilirubin levels, and enzymes.

1. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST):

When liver cells are injured, two enzymes called ALT and AST are discharged into the bloodstream. Increased ALT and AST levels signify inflammation or damage to the liver. These enzymes are frequently increased in viral hepatitis (such hepatitis B and C) as a result of the immune system's reaction to the infection.

2. Bilirubin:

The yellow pigment known as bilirubin is created when red blood cells break down. Increased bilirubin levels may be a sign of cirrhosis or obstructive jaundice, which are disorders that impede liver function or bile flow obstruction.

3. Albumin and Total Protein:

Total protein and albumin levels are indicators of the liver's ability to synthesize proteins. Low levels could be a sign of malnutrition, chronic liver disease, or problems with the liver's ability to produce protein.

4. Prothrombin Time (PT):

PT gauges how well blood clots. Prolonged PT, which is frequently observed in advanced liver diseases such as cirrhosis, implies reduced hepatic synthesis of clotting components.

Tests of Liver Function in Hepatitis

One of the main causes of liver inflammation and damage is viral hepatitis. Tests for liver function are crucial for identifying and tracking viral hepatitis:

Hepatitis B: Prolonged liver inflammation brought on by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is indicated by elevated ALT and AST levels. Tracking these values aids in determining the severity of the illness and informs therapy choices.

Hepatitis C: Likewise, high levels of the liver enzymes AST and ALT indicate the presence of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Monitoring LFTs facilitates evaluation of liver damage progression and response to treatment.

Examinations of Liver Function in Fatty Liver Disease

Fat buildup in the liver is a hallmark of both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progressive version, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In NAFLD/NASH, liver test may reveal:

- Mild increase in ALT and AST due to inflammation in the liver.

- Abnormalities in the levels of bilirubin throughout the later stages of the illness.

- In severe cases, impaired production of proteins such as albumin.

Tests of Liver Function in Patients with Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer

Cirrhosis: Because of the compromised liver function, LFTs in cirrhosis frequently show low albumin levels, extended PT, and increased bilirubin. For the purpose of controlling problems and monitoring liver function over time, routine LFT monitoring is essential.

Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Imaging investigations, tumor markers, and liver function tests(LFT) help detect and track this disease. A liver tumor's advancement or liver function impairment brought on by cancer infiltration may be indicated by abnormal LFTs.

Conclusion

Liver function tests are indispensable tools in the diagnosis, staging, and monitoring of various liver diseases, including hepatitis, fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. These tests provide valuable insights into liver health by measuring specific enzymes, proteins, and substances in the blood. Understanding the significance of liver function tests in these conditions is essential for effective disease management and patient care.

Book Liver Function Test(LFT)

Read FAQs

A. Liver function tests are blood tests that evaluate the liver's performance and detect signs of liver damage or dysfunction. They measure enzymes, proteins, and substances produced by the liver, providing valuable insights into liver health. LFTs are essential for diagnosing and monitoring liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and fatty liver disease.

A. Abnormal LFT results can indicate various liver conditions. Elevated levels of enzymes like ALT and AST may suggest liver inflammation or injury, often seen in viral hepatitis. Abnormal bilirubin levels may indicate impaired liver function or bile flow obstruction. Low albumin levels could signify chronic liver disease or malnutrition. Prolonged PT may indicate impaired clotting function, common in advanced liver diseases like cirrhosis.

A. Liver function tests play a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring hepatitis (such as hepatitis B and C) and liver diseases like cirrhosis and fatty liver disease. Elevated ALT and AST levels in viral hepatitis indicate ongoing liver inflammation, while abnormal LFT patterns in fatty liver disease reveal fat accumulation and impaired liver function. Regular monitoring of LFTs helps assess disease activity and guide treatment decisions.

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10 Early Signs of Cancer Most Indians Ignore

Cancer is a growing concern in India, with cases rising due to lifestyle changes, genetic factors, and environmental triggers. Early detection plays a crucial role in successful treatment and recovery. Unfortunately, many people tend to overlook early signs of cancer, mistaking them for minor health issues. In this article, we will discuss 10 early signs of cancer that most Indians ignore, how to detect them early, and essential cancer prevention tips.

1. Unexplained Weight Loss

If you are losing weight without any changes in diet or exercise, it could be a warning sign of cancer. Cancers of the stomach, pancreas, esophagus, and lungs can cause sudden weight loss. If you experience unexplained weight loss of more than 5 kg, consult a doctor immediately.

2. Persistent Fatigue

Feeling excessively tired despite getting enough rest may indicate an underlying health issue, including cancer. Leukemia, colon, and stomach cancers are often linked to extreme fatigue. If fatigue persists without an identifiable reason, it is advisable to get a medical evaluation.

3. Changes in Bowel or Bladder Habits

Frequent diarrhea, constipation, or blood in the stool may signal colorectal cancer, while changes in urination patterns may indicate bladder or prostate cancer. If you notice prolonged changes in your bowel or bladder habits, seek medical attention.

4. Non-Healing Sores

A sore that does not heal within a few weeks could be a sign of oral cancer or skin cancer. Smokers and tobacco users should be especially vigilant about mouth ulcers, as they are at higher risk of developing signs of oral cancer.

5. Persistent Cough or Hoarseness

A cough lasting more than three weeks, especially if accompanied by blood, could be a symptom of lung cancer. Hoarseness that persists might be linked to throat or thyroid cancer. How to detect cancer early in such cases involves consulting a specialist if respiratory symptoms do not improve.

6. Lumps or Thickening of Tissue

The presence of lumps in the breast, testicles, or other parts of the body should not be ignored. Common cancer types in India, such as breast and testicular cancer, often present as painless lumps in their early stages. Early medical evaluation can prevent progression.

7. Difficulty Swallowing

Persistent difficulty swallowing, also known as dysphagia, could be an early symptom of throat, esophageal, or stomach cancer. If swallowing problems continue despite dietary adjustments, a medical examination is necessary.

8. Unexplained Bleeding

Unusual bleeding, such as blood in urine, stool, or coughing up blood, is a serious warning sign of cancer. Cervical and endometrial cancers may cause abnormal vaginal bleeding. It is crucial to get tested if such symptoms occur.

9. Skin Changes

Skin abnormalities, such as dark patches, changes in moles, or persistent itching, can be indicators of skin cancer. If a mole grows, changes color, or starts bleeding, it is important to consult a dermatologist immediately.

10. Persistent Pain

Pain that does not go away, especially in the bones or back, can sometimes be an early sign of cancer. While pain alone is not definitive, unexplained or long-lasting pain should be evaluated by a medical professional.

How to Detect Cancer Early

Early detection greatly improves the chances of successful treatment. Here are some tips to catch cancer in its initial stages:

Regular Health Check-ups: Routine screenings, such as mammograms, Pap smears, and colonoscopies, help in detecting cancer before symptoms appear.
Self-Examinations: Checking for lumps, unusual moles, or changes in bodily functions can help identify potential issues early.
Knowing Family History: If there is a family history of cancer, it is advisable to go for genetic counseling and regular screenings.
Seeking Medical Attention Promptly: Do not ignore persistent symptoms. Early diagnosis is key to effective treatment.

Cancer Prevention Tips

While cancer cannot always be prevented, adopting a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the risk. Here are some essential cancer prevention tips:

Quit Smoking and Tobacco Use: Tobacco consumption is one of the leading causes of signs of oral cancer and lung cancer in India. Avoiding tobacco can drastically reduce your risk.
Eat a Healthy Diet: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains supports overall health and lowers cancer risk.
Maintain a Healthy Weight: Obesity increases the risk of several cancers, including breast and colorectal cancer. Regular exercise is key to maintaining a healthy weight.
Limit Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol intake has been linked to liver, breast, and digestive tract cancers. Limiting alcohol can help reduce cancer risk.
Protect Yourself from the Sun: Skin cancer can be prevented by using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding excessive sun exposure.
Get Vaccinated: Vaccinations against Hepatitis B and HPV can prevent liver and cervical cancer, respectively.
Avoid Exposure to Carcinogens: Limit exposure to harmful chemicals, such as asbestos and radiation, that are known to cause cancer.

Conclusion

Awareness is the first step toward preventing and detecting cancer early. Ignoring early signs can lead to late-stage diagnosis and reduced treatment success. By understanding these early signs of cancer, following cancer prevention tips, and undergoing regular screenings, individuals can significantly lower their risk. If you experience any of these symptoms, do not hesitate to consult a healthcare professional. How to detect cancer early is crucial knowledge that can save lives.

By staying informed and proactive, we can fight the rising incidence of common cancer types in India and ensure better health outcomes for all.