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Published on: May 31, 2021
1 minute read
By: Dr Rajan Choudhary

REGN-COV2 – Artificial "antibody Cocktail"

REGN-COV2 – Artificial "antibody cocktail"

Recently a new drug was approved for use in COVID patients in India. Known as REGN-COV2, this new therapy is based on monoclonal antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for COVID. So how does it work? And is there any evidence behind the treatment?

Monoclonal antibodies are made from components of the human immune system. When the human body recognizes a bacteria or virus in the body, the immune system recognizes and processes proteins on the surface of that bacteria or virus. This is presented to the adaptive immune system, and antibodies have produced that lock onto these surface proteins, neutralizing their function and also tagging them for destruction by other white blood cells.

If we identify antibodies capable of efficiently tagging and neutralizing a certain virus, we can identify the cell capable of producing that antibody, clone it and produce it in vast quantities. The antibodies produced from this cloned cell line will be able to target the virus at the same efficiency and have the same ability to neutralize the virus. Just like with vaccines, there is a risk of mutations developing, resulting in changes in the surface protein that reduce binding and neutralizing effects of the antibodies, allowing them to escape and continue to cause disease

REGN-COV2 uses two neutralizing antibodies (Casirivimab/imdevimab), in an effort to minimize the ability of a mutant virus to develop resistance against the antibody cocktail, as the virus would need to develop mutations canceling both antibodies out at once. These antibodies neutralize the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, preventing viral entry through ACE2 receptors.

In a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine (one of the most prestigious journals in the medical field) data from 275 patients showed a drastic reduction in viral load in patients treated with REGN-COV2. This is clinically significant as hospitalized patients with severe symptoms have higher viral counts than non-hospitalized or asymptomatic patients, suggesting the hypoxaemic, shortness of breath symptoms are related to the viral count and resulting exaggerated immune response.

Based off this result the European Medicines Agency approved the use of REGN-COV2 antibody cocktail in patients who do not require supplemental oxygen but are at high risk of progressing to severe COVID-19.

FDA regulations currently recommend it for patients who are COVID positive with risk factors that may result in their hospitalization but do not recommend it for patients who are already hospitalized, requiring O2 therapy because of COVID or need chronic O2 therapy.

Those that fall into the high-risk categories include patients with a high BMI (over 35), diabetes, on immunosuppressive treatment or with an immunosuppressive disease, over 65 years of age or those with chronic diseases such as renal disease, cardiovascular disease, COPD, or other developmental disorders.

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Anemia Diet Plan: What to Eat to Improve Hemoglobin Levels Naturally

Anemia is one of the most widespread nutritional disorders in India, affecting people across age groups. According to NFHS-5 and ICMR data, more than half of Indian women and a significant proportion of men suffer from anemia. While supplements are sometimes required, a structured anemia diet plan plays a central role in preventing and managing the condition.

Anemia occurs when the body lacks sufficient healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry oxygen efficiently. Nutrition is the foundation of hemoglobin production, making dietary correction essential.

Understanding the Nutritional Causes of Anemia

Anemia commonly results from deficiencies of:

iron
vitamin B12
folate

Each nutrient plays a specific role in red blood cell formation.

Iron: The Core Nutrient in Anemia

Iron is a key component of hemoglobin.

Iron deficiency leads to:

fatigue
weakness
pale skin
shortness of breath

ICMR identifies iron deficiency as the leading cause of anemia in India.

Types of Dietary Iron

Heme Iron

Found in animal foods and absorbed efficiently.

Sources include:

eggs
fish
chicken
liver

Non-Heme Iron

Found in plant-based foods and absorbed less efficiently.

Sources include:

spinach
lentils
chickpeas
jaggery
dates

Vitamin C improves non-heme iron absorption.

Role of Vitamin B12 in Anemia

Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell maturation.

Deficiency causes:

megaloblastic anemia
nerve symptoms
memory issues

Vegetarians are at higher risk due to limited dietary sources.

Role of Folate

Folate supports:

DNA synthesis
red blood cell formation

Low folate intake worsens anemia, especially during pregnancy.

Foods to Include in an Anemia Diet Plan

Iron-Rich Foods

green leafy vegetables (spinach, amaranth)
legumes and pulses
dates, raisins and figs
jaggery
red meat and eggs

Vitamin C-Rich Foods

citrus fruits
guava
tomatoes
bell peppers

These enhance iron absorption.

Vitamin B12 Sources

milk and dairy products
eggs
fish
fortified cereals

Folate-Rich Foods

green leafy vegetables
beans and peas
peanuts
whole grains

Sample Daily Anemia Diet Plan

Breakfast

vegetable omelette or sprouted moong
citrus fruit or guava

Mid-Morning

soaked raisins or dates
lemon water

Lunch

brown rice or roti
dal or chickpeas
green leafy vegetable sabzi
salad with lemon dressing

Evening Snack

roasted peanuts or chana
fruit rich in vitamin C

Dinner

vegetable curry with paneer or fish
whole wheat roti
lightly cooked greens

Bedtime

warm milk if tolerated

Foods That Reduce Iron Absorption

Certain foods interfere with iron absorption:

tea and coffee
excess calcium
highly processed foods

These should be avoided close to iron-rich meals.

Special Considerations for Women

Women require more iron due to:

menstruation
pregnancy
lactation

NFHS-5 highlights anemia as a major women’s health concern in India.

Anemia in Men and Older Adults

In men and elderly individuals, anemia may signal:

nutritional deficiency
chronic disease
gastrointestinal issues

Dietary correction should be combined with medical evaluation.

When Diet Alone Is Not Enough

Diet may not be sufficient if:

anemia is severe
absorption is impaired
chronic illness is present

In such cases, supplements or treatment of underlying causes is required.

Importance of Regular Blood Tests

Monitoring hemoglobin helps:

assess improvement
guide dietary adjustments
prevent recurrence

Preventive checkups are essential for high-risk groups.

Lifestyle Factors That Support Recovery

Along with diet:

adequate sleep
stress management
regular physical activity

support blood health and recovery.

Preventing Anemia Long-Term

Long-term prevention includes:

balanced meals
iron-rich cooking methods
avoiding excessive junk food
periodic screening

WHO and NITI Aayog emphasize nutrition education as a preventive strategy.

Conclusion

A well-structured anemia diet plan is the cornerstone of improving hemoglobin levels and restoring energy. By including iron-rich foods, supporting nutrients like vitamin B12 and folate, and improving absorption through smart food combinations, anemia can be effectively managed and prevented. Early dietary intervention, supported by regular health monitoring, helps avoid long-term complications and improves overall quality of life.

References

Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) – Anemia and Micronutrient Deficiency Reports
National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) – Anemia Prevalence Data
World Health Organization (WHO) – Nutrition and Anemia Guidelines
Lancet – Micronutrient Deficiency and Public Health Research
NITI Aayog – Poshan Abhiyaan and Nutrition Policy Reports
Statista – Nutrition and Health Trends in India

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