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Published on: May 05, 2024
2 minute read
By: SecondMedic Expert

Role Of Kidney Function Tests In Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

The progressive loss of kidney function over time is the hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In order to limit the progression of CKD and avoid complications, it is essential to recognize the condition early and monitor it regularly. Renal function tests, also referred to as kidney function tests or KFTs (Kidney Function Tests), are essential for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This article examines the role that kidney function tests play in the evaluation of chronic kidney disease (CKD) phases and the importance of test results in the efficient management of this illness.

Importance of Kidney Function Tests in CKD Diagnosis

A series of blood and urine tests known as kidney function tests are used to evaluate the kidneys' overall health. By assessing certain indicators including creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urine protein levels, these tests offer insightful information on kidney health. Kidney function tests aid in the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by detecting changes in kidney function prior to the onset of symptoms.

Key Markers in Kidney Function Tests

Creatinine: The kidneys' capacity to remove waste from the blood is reflected in the levels of serum creatinine. High levels of creatinine signify compromised kidney function, a characteristic of chronic renal disease.
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): Urea is a waste product of protein metabolism. BUN levels indicate how much nitrogen is derived from urea in the blood. Reduced renal function may be indicated by elevated BUN levels.
Age, gender, race, and creatinine levels are used to calculate the estimated glomerular filtration rate, or eGFR. It calculates the kidneys' efficiency at removing waste from the blood. When CKD is staged, a low eGFR is indicative of diminished kidney function.
Urine Protein (Proteinuria): Proteinuria is a symptom of renal disease that can be identified by urine tests. A high protein level in the urine is indicative of a compromised kidney's filtration capacity.

Stages of CKD Based on Kidney Function Tests

Based on eGFR scores, kidney function tests are essential for classifying CKD into stages:
Stage 1 (Kidney Damage with Normal eGFR): eGFR (>90 mL/min/1.73 m2) is normal despite the presence of kidney damage.
Stage 2 (moderately impaired eGFR): eGFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m?2; indicates a moderately impaired kidney function.
Stage 3 (Moderately Reduced eGFR): eGFR of 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m?2; indicates a moderate decline in kidney function.
Severe loss in kidney function (eGFR 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2) is shown in Stage 4 (Severely Reduced eGFR).
Kidney function is severely compromised or failed in Stage 5 (Kidney Failure) (eGFR <15>

Monitoring CKD Progression and Treatment

Tracking the course of CKD and directing treatment choices need routine monitoring of kidney function tests. The pace of loss in kidney function can be determined with great accuracy by monitoring changes in urine protein levels, eGFR, and creatinine over time. Through lifestyle changes, medicine, and, in more severe cases, renal replacement therapy (dialysis or kidney transplantation), treatment techniques for chronic kidney disease (CKD) seek to decrease the illness's course, manage its consequences, and preserve kidney function.

Conclusion

To sum up, renal function tests are essential diagnostic and surveillance instruments for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Based on kidney function measurements, these tests aid in the staging of chronic kidney disease (CKD), enabling individualized treatment plans to impede the illness's advancement and enhance patient outcomes. The key to maintaining kidney function and improving general health in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is early detection and routine monitoring of the condition using kidney function testing. For those with CKD, routine follow-up appointments with medical professionals are advised in order to assess kidney health and modify treatment plans as necessary.

Renal function tests must be included in regular health screenings in order to diagnose chronic renal disease early and treat it effectively. People can safeguard their kidney health and general well-being by being proactive and learning the role that kidney function tests play in the diagnosis and monitoring of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Read FAQs

A. Common kidney function tests include serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), and urine protein test.

A. Kidney function tests measure levels of substances like creatinine and urea in the blood and proteins in urine. Abnormal levels indicate kidney damage and help stage CKD.

A. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) reflects the kidneys' filtering capacity. Lower eGFR values indicate reduced kidney function, a hallmark of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).

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10 Early Signs of Cancer Most Indians Ignore

Cancer is a growing concern in India, with cases rising due to lifestyle changes, genetic factors, and environmental triggers. Early detection plays a crucial role in successful treatment and recovery. Unfortunately, many people tend to overlook early signs of cancer, mistaking them for minor health issues. In this article, we will discuss 10 early signs of cancer that most Indians ignore, how to detect them early, and essential cancer prevention tips.

1. Unexplained Weight Loss

If you are losing weight without any changes in diet or exercise, it could be a warning sign of cancer. Cancers of the stomach, pancreas, esophagus, and lungs can cause sudden weight loss. If you experience unexplained weight loss of more than 5 kg, consult a doctor immediately.

2. Persistent Fatigue

Feeling excessively tired despite getting enough rest may indicate an underlying health issue, including cancer. Leukemia, colon, and stomach cancers are often linked to extreme fatigue. If fatigue persists without an identifiable reason, it is advisable to get a medical evaluation.

3. Changes in Bowel or Bladder Habits

Frequent diarrhea, constipation, or blood in the stool may signal colorectal cancer, while changes in urination patterns may indicate bladder or prostate cancer. If you notice prolonged changes in your bowel or bladder habits, seek medical attention.

4. Non-Healing Sores

A sore that does not heal within a few weeks could be a sign of oral cancer or skin cancer. Smokers and tobacco users should be especially vigilant about mouth ulcers, as they are at higher risk of developing signs of oral cancer.

5. Persistent Cough or Hoarseness

A cough lasting more than three weeks, especially if accompanied by blood, could be a symptom of lung cancer. Hoarseness that persists might be linked to throat or thyroid cancer. How to detect cancer early in such cases involves consulting a specialist if respiratory symptoms do not improve.

6. Lumps or Thickening of Tissue

The presence of lumps in the breast, testicles, or other parts of the body should not be ignored. Common cancer types in India, such as breast and testicular cancer, often present as painless lumps in their early stages. Early medical evaluation can prevent progression.

7. Difficulty Swallowing

Persistent difficulty swallowing, also known as dysphagia, could be an early symptom of throat, esophageal, or stomach cancer. If swallowing problems continue despite dietary adjustments, a medical examination is necessary.

8. Unexplained Bleeding

Unusual bleeding, such as blood in urine, stool, or coughing up blood, is a serious warning sign of cancer. Cervical and endometrial cancers may cause abnormal vaginal bleeding. It is crucial to get tested if such symptoms occur.

9. Skin Changes

Skin abnormalities, such as dark patches, changes in moles, or persistent itching, can be indicators of skin cancer. If a mole grows, changes color, or starts bleeding, it is important to consult a dermatologist immediately.

10. Persistent Pain

Pain that does not go away, especially in the bones or back, can sometimes be an early sign of cancer. While pain alone is not definitive, unexplained or long-lasting pain should be evaluated by a medical professional.

How to Detect Cancer Early

Early detection greatly improves the chances of successful treatment. Here are some tips to catch cancer in its initial stages:

Regular Health Check-ups: Routine screenings, such as mammograms, Pap smears, and colonoscopies, help in detecting cancer before symptoms appear.
Self-Examinations: Checking for lumps, unusual moles, or changes in bodily functions can help identify potential issues early.
Knowing Family History: If there is a family history of cancer, it is advisable to go for genetic counseling and regular screenings.
Seeking Medical Attention Promptly: Do not ignore persistent symptoms. Early diagnosis is key to effective treatment.

Cancer Prevention Tips

While cancer cannot always be prevented, adopting a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the risk. Here are some essential cancer prevention tips:

Quit Smoking and Tobacco Use: Tobacco consumption is one of the leading causes of signs of oral cancer and lung cancer in India. Avoiding tobacco can drastically reduce your risk.
Eat a Healthy Diet: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains supports overall health and lowers cancer risk.
Maintain a Healthy Weight: Obesity increases the risk of several cancers, including breast and colorectal cancer. Regular exercise is key to maintaining a healthy weight.
Limit Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol intake has been linked to liver, breast, and digestive tract cancers. Limiting alcohol can help reduce cancer risk.
Protect Yourself from the Sun: Skin cancer can be prevented by using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding excessive sun exposure.
Get Vaccinated: Vaccinations against Hepatitis B and HPV can prevent liver and cervical cancer, respectively.
Avoid Exposure to Carcinogens: Limit exposure to harmful chemicals, such as asbestos and radiation, that are known to cause cancer.

Conclusion

Awareness is the first step toward preventing and detecting cancer early. Ignoring early signs can lead to late-stage diagnosis and reduced treatment success. By understanding these early signs of cancer, following cancer prevention tips, and undergoing regular screenings, individuals can significantly lower their risk. If you experience any of these symptoms, do not hesitate to consult a healthcare professional. How to detect cancer early is crucial knowledge that can save lives.

By staying informed and proactive, we can fight the rising incidence of common cancer types in India and ensure better health outcomes for all.