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Published on: Apr 04, 2020
2 minute read
By: Dr Rajan Choudhary

THE CHALLENGES FACED IN MAKING A VACCINE FOR COVID-19 — Part 2

Previously we’ve seen the difficulties researches face in trying to make a vaccine. But even if we make a vaccine, that’s just half the battle. Viruses are unique because they can mutate, and they can mutate to astonishing degrees. In humans mutations to tiny parts of our DNA can cause severe diseases or even death. In viruses mutations can change their structure, making them more infective and giving them a new coat. It gives them a survival advantage, the ability to evade our immune system and make our vaccines ineffective. This is why we need a new flu vaccine every year.

If it takes months to a year to develop a vaccine, it will be based off the virus found in December 2019. By this time the virus may have spread and mutated to such a degree that it is not effective. This does not mean all the effort was for nothing. Going through the steps and understanding the issues faced with making a COVID-19 vaccine can make the process quicker for subsequent vaccines against its mutated versions.

https://www.sciencealert.com/who-says-a-coronavirus-vaccine-is-18-months-away So Long to Develop a Vaccine

FAILURES FROM THE PAST

These issues were faced during the Ebola and Zika virus epidemics, and many large companies are understandably hesitant to develop vaccines for COVID-19. Ebola first broke out in 2014, and it was only in December 2019 that the first vaccine was approved for use by the European Commission and the United States. This is despite multiple large institutes in Canada and the UK working together to develop it.

13 different Ebola vaccine candidates had been identified soon after the outbreak, but none had been tested on humans. Unfortunately this is the most expensive part of development, and the area biopharmecuticals stand to loose the most money. Return on investments is also low, since epidemics usually take place in poorer countries, and the potential customers are unable to pay the high prices for these brand new treatments. It is an unfortunate realisation that research into medicines is driven by rich countries, for diseases that affect the rich.

https://newint.org/features/web-exclusive/2016/06/16/why-did-the-market-fail-to-produce-an-ebola-vaccine Ebola

WHERE ARE WE NOW?

This is all well and good, but what does it mean for COVID-19? We know we cannot rush a vaccine, because a poorly designed vaccine with unknown side effects can cause more harm than good, especially if given to children or the elderly. Currently the WHO are tracking 31 different attempts at making a COVID-19 vaccine, using different methods as discussed before. All of these are currently in the pre-clinical stage, focusing on isolating parts of the virus and creating a target the body will recognise and react to.

Researchers at the University of Queensland were one of the first to start using the genetic code of COVID-19, released openly by Chinese researchers. They have developed a test vaccine within 6 weeks using state-of-the-art genetic techniques, used for the first time. If animal models prove successful then human testing might begin within 6 months. In the pharmaceutical industry advancements this quick are almost unheard of.

Additionally over 293 clinical trials are taking place in China using existing drugs on the market. The advantage is we already know these drugs are safe to use in humans, but we are trying to work out if they will work against COVID-19. Some scientists are also looking at medications that were initially developed against SARS and MERS, but never completed because these outbreaks died down and the medication was no longer required.

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/china-recovered-develop-effective-covid-19-treatments-200302082850237.html COVID-19 treatments

https://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/key-action/novel-coronavirus-landscape-ncov.pdf?ua=1 WHO news

https://www.theverge.com/2020/2/28/21156385/covid-coronavirus-vaccine-treatment-moderna-remdesivir-research COVID-19 treatment

Its not all doom and gloom. Challenges drive innovation, and we are already benefitting from this. New forms of genetic sequencing, new methods for extracting viral proteins, new techniques in creating a vaccine. These innovations are already benefitting us on the drive to create an effective vaccine for COVID-19, and they will benefit us in the future when the next pandemic hits.

Dr Rajan Choudhary, Product Manager Second Medic UK

www.secondmedic.com

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Virtual Clinic India: How SecondMedic Is Transforming Digital Healthcare

Healthcare in India is undergoing a significant transformation as digital platforms reshape how people access medical care. Virtual clinics have emerged as a powerful solution, offering patients immediate access to doctors, diagnostics, prescriptions, and continuous monitoring—without the need for physical hospital visits. This model has become increasingly important in a country where population density, geographical barriers, and long wait times often make healthcare inaccessible or inconvenient.

A virtual clinic uses telemedicine, digital records, online diagnostics, AI tools, and remote monitoring to offer a full healthcare experience through smartphones or computers. SecondMedic is among the leaders in this space, providing a robust virtual clinic ecosystem designed to support preventive health, chronic disease management, and immediate care for everyday medical needs.

The Role of Virtual Clinics in India’s Healthcare Evolution

India faces significant challenges including uneven specialist distribution, crowded hospitals, and rising lifestyle diseases. Virtual clinics bridge these gaps by making healthcare more accessible, affordable, and continuous. They enable patients from metropolitan areas, rural communities, and even remote regions to receive quality care without leaving home.

Key drivers behind virtual clinic growth include:

Growing smartphone and internet penetration
Increased comfort with digital health platforms
The need for safe and convenient care
Rising chronic illnesses requiring ongoing monitoring
Awareness of preventive healthcare

As a result, virtual clinics are becoming the first point of contact for many health concerns.

How Virtual Clinics Deliver Complete Healthcare

Virtual clinics are more than video consultations. They integrate multiple components of healthcare into a unified digital experience. SecondMedic’s virtual clinic model ensures continuity of care by bringing together doctors, diagnostics, monitoring tools, pharmacy support, and digital health records.

Core pillars of virtual clinic care include:

Instant doctor access
Seamless diagnostic testing
AI-based symptom evaluation
E-prescriptions
Medication delivery
Chronic disease monitoring
Preventive health programs

This creates an end-to-end flow that mirrors the experience of visiting a physical clinic, but with added convenience and personalization.

Online Consultations: Immediate Access to Specialists

One of the strongest features of a virtual clinic is the ability to consult qualified doctors quickly. Instead of waiting days for appointments or traveling long distances, patients can connect with specialists through secure video calls or chat.

Virtual consultations are especially useful for:

Common illnesses
Follow-up appointments
Second opinions
Chronic condition management
Mental health support
Elderly care
Pediatric queries

SecondMedic ensures that all consultations are supported by electronic health records, making the experience seamless and informed.

Digital Diagnostics and At-Home Lab Testing

Diagnostics are a core component of healthcare, and virtual clinics have made them significantly more accessible. Users can book lab tests online and have samples collected from their home. Results are delivered digitally, enabling faster diagnosis and treatment.

Advantages of digital diagnostics include:

No travel or waiting lines
Fast report turnaround
Integration with doctor consultations
Easy follow-up and comparisons over time
Better compliance for chronic disease tracking

SecondMedic partners with certified diagnostic labs to ensure high-quality test processing and accurate digital reporting.

Remote Monitoring and Chronic Disease Care

Chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, heart illness, and thyroid disorders require ongoing monitoring. Virtual clinics use connected devices and AI-driven alerts to help patients stay on track with their health goals.

Common remote monitoring tools include:

Glucometers
Blood pressure monitors
Heart-rate trackers
Pulse oximeters
Weight and BMI tools
Sleep monitors
Wearable sensors

SecondMedic uses advanced analytics to detect risk patterns early, send reminders, and support long-term condition management.

E-Prescriptions and Digital Pharmacy Support

Virtual clinics simplify the process of receiving medical prescriptions and ordering medicines. E-prescriptions are accurate, tamper-proof, and instantly shareable with online pharmacies.

Digital pharmacy support helps with:

Medication delivery
Monthly chronic care refills
Transparent drug information
Avoiding prescription errors
Improving medication adherence

SecondMedic integrates e-prescriptions directly with its pharmacy partners, making the treatment process seamless.

Preventive Healthcare Through Virtual Clinics

Preventive care is becoming a priority for many Indians due to rising lifestyle diseases and increasing awareness of early screening. Virtual clinics support this need through personalized health plans designed using AI assessments, digital screenings, and doctor insights.

Preventive healthcare offerings include:

Annual full-body checkups
Lifestyle assessments
Diet and fitness plans
Stress and sleep guidance
Vaccination reminders
Long-term wellness tracking

SecondMedic’s preventive programs are designed to detect risks early and help users adopt healthier habits.

How Virtual Clinics Improve Healthcare Accessibility in India

Virtual clinics remove geographical barriers by bringing medical care to people who otherwise face difficulty accessing doctors. This includes:

Rural regions with limited healthcare facilities
Urban areas with long hospital wait times
Elderly individuals who cannot travel easily
Busy professionals needing flexible care
Patients seeking discretion for sensitive concerns

With increased digital literacy and affordable smartphones, virtual clinics are becoming accessible to a wide demographic.

The Future of Virtual Clinics in India

The future of virtual clinics is strong, supported by national initiatives like the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM), which encourages digital health adoption. AI-driven diagnostics, intelligent triaging, predictive health tools, and integrated hospital systems will further strengthen the virtual care model.

Upcoming trends include:

AI chat-based symptom evaluation
Virtual reality rehabilitation sessions
Smart device-linked monitoring
AI-based early disease detection
Comprehensive preventive health ecosystems
Hybrid care combining virtual and in-clinic visits

SecondMedic is actively developing next-generation virtual clinic technologies to make healthcare more proactive and patient-centered.

Conclusion

Virtual clinics are revolutionizing healthcare delivery in India by offering convenient, reliable, and digitally connected care. They bring together consultations, diagnostics, monitoring, and preventive health in one platform, reducing barriers and enabling patients to receive high-quality medical support anytime, anywhere. SecondMedic leads this transformation with a comprehensive virtual clinic model designed to support long-term health and wellbeing.

To access virtual consultations, digital diagnostics, and remote care services, visit www.secondmedic.com

References

NITI Aayog - Telemedicine and Digital Health Report 2024
Statista - Telehealth Usage India 2025
WHO - Digital Health Standards
IMARC - India Telemedicine Market Forecast
ABDM - Ayushman Bharat Digital Health Guidelines

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