THE CHALLENGES FACED IN MAKING A VACCINE FOR COVID-19 — Part 2

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Importance of Hydration for Organs: How Water Keeps the Body Functioning

Water is the most essential nutrient for human survival, yet it is often the most neglected. Every cell, tissue and organ in the body depends on adequate hydration to function properly. The importance of hydration for organs becomes clear when we understand how even mild dehydration can disrupt critical physiological processes.

In India’s climate, with high temperatures and humidity in many regions, dehydration risk is especially high, making conscious hydration a daily health priority.

Why Water Is Vital for the Human Body

The human body is made up of approximately 60 percent water. This water:

• transports nutrients and oxygen
   

• regulates body temperature
   

• removes waste products
   

• supports metabolic reactions
   

Without adequate hydration, organ systems begin to struggle.

Hydration and Kidney Health

The kidneys are among the most hydration-dependent organs.

Proper hydration:

• helps kidneys filter blood efficiently
   

• flushes out toxins and waste
   

• reduces risk of kidney stones
   

Chronic dehydration forces kidneys to concentrate urine, increasing strain and long-term damage risk. According to Indian Council of Medical Research data, dehydration is a major contributor to kidney stone formation in India.

Brain Function and Hydration

The brain is highly sensitive to hydration levels.

Even mild dehydration can cause:

• headaches
   

• difficulty concentrating
   

• memory issues
   

• irritability
   

Studies published in the Lancet show that dehydration negatively affects cognitive performance and mood, even before thirst becomes noticeable.

Heart and Circulatory System

Hydration plays a critical role in cardiovascular health.

Adequate water intake:

• maintains blood volume
   

• supports smooth circulation
   

• reduces strain on the heart
   

Dehydration thickens blood, making the heart work harder and potentially increasing the risk of low blood pressure, dizziness and cardiovascular stress.

Digestive System and Hydration

Water supports digestion at every stage.

It helps:

• break down food
   

• absorb nutrients
   

• prevent constipation
   

Chronic low water intake is linked to digestive discomfort, bloating and poor gut motility.

Liver Function and Detoxification

The liver relies on water to:

• metabolise nutrients
   

• detoxify harmful substances
   

• support metabolic balance
   

Inadequate hydration slows detoxification processes and increases metabolic strain.

Muscle and Joint Health

Muscles and joints contain significant water content.

Hydration:

• prevents muscle cramps
   

• supports joint lubrication
   

• reduces injury risk
   

Dehydrated muscles fatigue faster and recover more slowly.

Skin as an Organ and Hydration

The skin is the body’s largest organ.

Adequate hydration:

• maintains skin elasticity
   

• supports barrier function
   

• reduces dryness and irritation
   

While water alone is not a cure for skin problems, chronic dehydration worsens skin health.

Hydration and Immune Function

Water supports immune health by:

• enabling transport of immune cells
   

• aiding removal of toxins
   

• supporting lymphatic circulation
   

WHO recognises hydration as a foundational element of immune system support.

Effects of Dehydration on Multiple Organs

Dehydration affects the body systemically.

Common effects include:

• fatigue
   

• dizziness
   

• reduced urine output
   

• dark-coloured urine
   

• dry mouth and eyes
   

Severe dehydration can lead to organ failure if untreated.

Why Dehydration Often Goes Unnoticed

Many people confuse thirst with hunger or fatigue.

Risk factors include:

• busy work schedules
   

• excessive caffeine intake
   

• high temperatures
   

• inadequate fluid intake
   

By the time thirst is felt, dehydration has already begun.

Hydration Needs Vary by Individual

Water requirements depend on:

• age
   

• body size
   

• physical activity
   

• climate
   

• health conditions
   

General guidelines suggest 2–3 litres daily for adults, but individual needs may vary.

Hydration and Chronic Disease Prevention

Proper hydration supports prevention of:

• kidney disease
   

• urinary tract infections
   

• constipation
   

• heat-related illness
   

NITI Aayog and WHO highlight hydration as a basic preventive health measure.

Best Practices for Staying Hydrated

Effective hydration strategies include:

• drinking water regularly throughout the day
   

• increasing intake during heat or physical activity
   

• consuming water-rich foods such as fruits and vegetables
   

• limiting sugary and caffeinated beverages
   

Consistency matters more than quantity in a single sitting.

Signs You May Need More Water

Watch for:

• frequent fatigue
   

• headaches
   

• dry skin
   

• reduced urination
   

• poor concentration
   

These are early indicators of dehydration.

Role of Preventive Health Awareness

Preventive healthcare focuses on simple daily habits.

Hydration:

• costs nothing
   

• supports every organ
   

• reduces disease risk
   

Small habits deliver large long-term benefits.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Consult a healthcare professional if experiencing:

• persistent dehydration symptoms
   

• kidney or urinary issues
   

• dizziness or fainting
   

• chronic fatigue
   

Underlying conditions may require medical evaluation.

Conclusion

The importance of hydration for organs cannot be overstated. Water supports kidney filtration, brain function, heart circulation, digestion, immunity and overall metabolic balance. Even mild dehydration disrupts organ performance and increases health risks over time. In busy modern lifestyles, consciously prioritising daily hydration is one of the simplest and most effective ways to protect vital organs and maintain long-term health. Consistent water intake is not just a habit—it is a foundation for organ health and wellbeing.

References

• Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) – Hydration and Kidney Health Studies
• World Health Organization (WHO) – Water Intake and Health Guidelines
• National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) – Nutrition and Lifestyle Data
• Lancet – Hydration, Cognitive Function and Organ Health Research
• NITI Aayog – Preventive Healthcare and Lifestyle Recommendations
• Statista – Global Hydration and Health Trends