• Published on: Aug 30, 2021
  • 2 minute read
  • By: Dr Rakesh Rai

What Are The Causes Of Liver Cirrhosis?

  • WhatsApp share link icon
  • copy & share link icon
  • twitter share link icon
  • facebook share link icon

"What are the causes of liver cirrhosis?"

Several diseases can lead to cirrhosis of the liver, which is characterized by hardening and scarring to the organ's tissue. These include alcoholism, hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis B, and fatty liver disease.

Smoking, drinking too much alcohol, and hepatitis infection. Smoking and excessive drinking can lead to liver cirrhosis because they reduce the amount of oxygen and nutrients delivered to the liver. Smokers also have an increased risk of developing alcoholic hepatitis if they drink as well. Diseases such as chronic pancreatitis, a condition often caused by alcoholism, may also cause cirrhosis. Hepatitis infections are one prime example; people who will contract this type of virus have a greater likelihood of developing the liver disease later in life than those who haven't been exposed to it.

Cirrhosis is a condition that results when healthy cells inside the liver are replaced by scar tissue because of an injury, infection, or chronic disease. This eventually reduces the functionality of the organ and may eventually lead to liver failure, which in many cases can necessitate a transplant. Prevention and early detection for common conditions associated with liver cirrhosis should be pursued such as hepatitis B or C or Wilson’s Disease (a rare genetic disorder). Treatment options vary depending on the severity of cirrhosis but may include alcohol abstinence, medication to promote regeneration of diseased hepatocytes (specialized cells in the lining), surgery to remove any pools of blood/scar tissue from within the abdominal cavity that would otherwise compress other organs.

There are many possible causes, including genetics, diseases of the biliary tract system, drugs, and alcohol abuse. The cirrhotic liver has less elasticity than a typically healthy liver. This can lead to ruptured blood vessels within the organ that will cause bleeding into the cavity of the organ. The result of this bleeding is swelling and destruction of cells in that area; it's also called 'cirrhosis.' As cirrhosis progresses, there are limits to how much your damaged liver can work towards cleansing and detoxifying your body by removing poisons or toxins from the food you eat - because a damaged liver cannot produce enough bile that helps aid digestion.

There are many causes for liver cirrhosis, so it's not as though we can generalize. Some symptoms of liver damage include jaundice (yellowing skin) and frequent urination. Most signs of liver failure occur only in the advanced stages when the organ becomes too large to be compensated for by other organs or systems of the body. One should also note that alcohol is a primary cause of cirrhosis and often comes with other complications such as malnutrition, high blood pressure, and diabetes.

A) Symptoms of liver cirrhosis include jaundice, bruising easily, abnormal swelling in the legs and abdomen.

B) Hepatitis is a potential cause of liver cirrhosis.

C) Liver cancer can also produce symptoms related to liver cirrhosis such as enlarged lymph nodes or fluid buildup in the abdomen.

D) People who have eaten too much alcohol for many years are more likely to develop chronic alcohol abuse which destroys the cells on your liver causing it to stop functioning for good resulting in death. (this answer would be an ideal opportunity for advertising a medical consultation site but just mentioning their name could result in being reported)

E) Long-term exposure to viral hepatitis B or C

There are many causes of liver cirrhosis. Open sores on the skin, inflammation of the liver (cirrhosis), gall bladder problems, heavy drinking/overuse of alcohol, viral hepatitis, or other infections that cause scarring in the liver.

Liver cirrhosis is most often caused by chronic or acute alcoholism, drug abuse, hepatitis C, and other conditions that impair liver function. Liver cirrhosis causes your liver to be enlarged as its cells increase in number and fill up with fat. Liver cells normally work to get rid of any extra substances found in the blood and body fluids because these substances can cause damage to various organs including the liver. As diseased cells accumulate rapidly in the liver, they cannot do their job efficiently leading to additional organ damage such as end-stage renal disease. This whole process exposes you more easily to viruses such as hepatitis B and C which ultimately leads to advanced disease of the lungs called "cryptogenic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis".

Read Blog
Digital Health Data Security Challenges India: Securing the Future of Digital Healthcare

Digital Health Data Security Challenges India: Securing the Future of Digital 2Healthcare

As India rapidly digitizes its healthcare infrastructure-telemedicine platforms, electronic health records (EHRs), AI systems, and wearable data-security risks have escalated. Digital health data security challenges India are now a top priority because healthcare has become the number one target of cyberattacks worldwide.

A 2024 CERT-In report revealed that cyberattacks on Indian healthcare systems increased by 278% in a single year, making hospitals, telemedicine platforms, and diagnostic networks highly vulnerable.

SecondMedic recognizes the seriousness of these threats and has invested deeply in security infrastructure to protect patient data end-to-end.

 

1. Why Health Data Is the Most Valuable Target

Medical records contain:

  • Identity details

  • Medical history

  • Financial data

  • Prescriptions

  • Insurance information
     

This makes them more valuable on the dark web than credit card data.

Attackers use stolen health data for:

  • Fraudulent insurance claims

  • Blackmail

  • Illegal medical purchases

  • Identity theft
     

 

2. Major Digital Health Data Security Challenges in India

1. Cyberattacks on Hospitals and Telemedicine Platforms

India saw multiple ransomware attacks affecting:

  • AIIMS (Delhi)

  • State health servers

  • Diagnostic chains
     

These attacks disrupted services for days.

2. Weak Security in EHR Systems

Many clinics use outdated software with:

  • Weak passwords

  • No encryption

  • No access logs
     

This makes patient data vulnerable.

3. Telemedicine Data Exposure

Unsecured video calls, unencrypted chats, and public Wi-Fi create high-risk environments.

4. Wearable Device Vulnerabilities

Wearables send data to cloud servers.
Without secure APIs, this data can be intercepted.

5. Lack of Standardized Regulations

Though ABDM is improving the framework, India still lacks:

  • Standardized encryption enforcement

  • Strict penalties for breaches

  • Uniform hospital compliance
     

 

3. Compliance Requirements Under ABDM and DPDP Act

India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDP 2023) mandates:

  • Patient consent for data usage

  • Secure processing

  • Limited access control

  • Breach notifications
     

ABDM governs:

  • Health IDs

  • Secure health data exchange

  • Interoperability standards
     

SecondMedic follows both frameworks.

 

4. How SecondMedic Ensures End-to-End Data Security

1. Encryption of All Patient Data

  • AES-256 encryption

  • Multi-layer secure cloud storage

  • Encrypted telemedicine communications
     

2. Role-Based Access Control

Doctors, administrators, and technical staff have different access rights.

3. Secure API Integrations

Data from labs, wearables, and pharmacies flows through secure, resistant APIs.

4. Regular Security Audits

Pen-testing and vulnerability assessments ensure new threats are patched.

5. Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)

Prevents unauthorized access.

6. Secure Prescription & Report Handling

Digital prescriptions are encrypted and tamper-proof.

 

5. Building Digital Trust for India’s Healthcare Future

Patients now expect:

  • Transparency

  • Security

  • Clear data usage policies
     

SecondMedic maintains strict data protection protocols, ensuring that every patient interaction-whether teleconsultation, diagnostic review, or preventive health plan-remains secure and confidential.

 

Conclusion

Digital health data security challenges India are real and growing. However, with stronger frameworks, advanced encryption, compliance with DPDP and ABDM, and dedicated platforms like SecondMedic prioritizing patient security, India is building a safer digital healthcare ecosystem. Protecting health data is not just a compliance requirement-it is the foundation of patient trust and the future of Indian healthcare.

 

References

  • CERT-In Cybersecurity Report 2024

  • DPDP Act 2023

  • ABDM Health Data Framework

  • NITI Aayog - Digital Health Roadmap

  • Kaspersky Healthcare Cyber Threat Report

  • Economic Times - Healthcare Cyberattacks India

 

See all

Live Doctor consultation
Live Doctor Chat

Download Our App & Get Consultation from anywhere.

App Download
call icon for mobile number calling and whatsapp at secondmedic