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Published on: Aug 07, 2021
5 minute read
By: Secondmedic Expert

Kidney Stones: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis And Treatment

Have you ever been struck by a pain so sharp and unrelenting that you found yourself questioning its source? If you've experienced a searing dagger of agony in your side, you may have unknowingly crossed paths with kidney stones – those tiny, yet formidable mineral troublemakers that can bring even the toughest among us to our knees. But what exactly are kidney stones, and how do they become the clandestine culprits behind this insufferable pain? In this comprehensive guide, we're on a mission to unravel the enigma of kidney stones, from their elusive beginnings to the quest for diagnosis and the path to pain-free living. So, brace yourself as we embark on a journey to expose the secrets of kidney stones and liberate you from their clutches.

What Are Kidney Stones?

Kidney stones, also referred to as nephrolithiasis, are solid crystalline formations that develop in the kidneys. These formations can vary in size and composition, with the most common types being calcium stones, accounting for approximately 80% of all kidney stones. Other types include uric acid stones, struvite stones (often associated with urinary tract infections), and cystine stones (rare and caused by a hereditary disorder).

Causes of Kidney Stones

1. Dietary Factors: Kidney stone formation is often influenced by diet. Oxalate-rich foods like spinach, chocolate, and nuts can contribute to stone development. Additionally, high sodium intake can lead to increased calcium levels in the urine, increasing the risk of stone formation.

2. Dehydration: Maintaining proper hydration is crucial for preventing kidney stones. When the body doesn't receive enough fluids, urine becomes more concentrated, making it easier for minerals to crystallize and form stones.

3. Genetics: Genetic factors play a significant role in kidney stone susceptibility. If you have a family history of kidney stones, you might be at a higher risk of developing them.

4. Underlying Medical Conditions: Several medical conditions can predispose individuals to kidney stones. For instance, people with gout, urinary tract infections, or metabolic disorders may be more prone to stone formation.

Common Kidney Stones Symptoms

1. Severe Flank Pain: Renal colic, the intense pain caused by kidney stones, is often described as one of the most excruciating pains a person can experience. This pain typically originates in the side or lower back and may radiate to the lower abdomen and groin. It can come in waves, making it challenging to find relief.

2. Blood in Urine: Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is a common symptom of kidney stones. The presence of stones can cause irritation and minor injuries to the urinary tract, leading to the presence of blood in the urine.

3. Frequent Urination: Individuals with kidney stones may feel the need to urinate more often than usual, even if they only pass small amounts of urine. This frequent urination is often accompanied by a sense of urgency.

4. Nausea and Vomiting: The severe pain associated with kidney stones can lead to feelings of nausea, and in some cases, vomiting. These symptoms can be particularly distressing for those affected.

5. Urinary Tract Infections: Kidney stones can obstruct the flow of urine, creating an environment conducive to urinary tract infections. Symptoms of a urinary tract infection associated with kidney stones may include fever, chills, and discomfort during urination.

Diagnosis of Kidney Stones

Diagnosing kidney stones is crucial for effective management. Healthcare professionals use various methods to confirm the presence and characteristics of kidney stones:

1. Imaging Tests: X-rays, CT scans, and ultrasounds provide detailed images of the urinary tract and help determine the size, location, and number of kidney stones. These images are essential for planning appropriate treatment.

2. Urinalysis: A urine test is used to detect the presence of blood, crystal particles, or abnormal levels of substances that are indicative of kidney stones. This test can also help identify potential urinary tract infections.

3. Blood Tests: Blood tests can reveal elevated levels of substances associated with kidney stone formation, such as calcium, uric acid, and creatinine. These results aid in diagnosing the specific type of kidney stone.

4. Stone Analysis: If you've passed a kidney stone, your healthcare provider may recommend collecting and analyzing it to determine its composition. This information is valuable for understanding the cause of the stone and preventing future occurrences.

Kidney Stones Treatment

The choice of kidney stones treatment depends on various factors, including the size, location, and composition of the stones, as well as the severity of your symptoms. Here are more details on common treatment options:

1. Hydration: Adequate fluid intake is a key component of managing kidney stones. Drinking water helps dilute the urine and flush out smaller stones. Healthcare providers typically recommend at least 2 to 3 liters of water per day, and more in hot or arid climates

2. Pain Management: Over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can help alleviate pain during a kidney stone episode. Prescription pain medications may be necessary for severe pain.

3. Medication: Depending on the type of kidney stone and its cause, your doctor may prescribe medications. For example, thiazide diuretics can help prevent the formation of calcium stones, and allopurinol can lower uric acid levels in the case of uric acid stones.

4. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL): ESWL is a non-invasive procedure that uses shock waves to break large kidney stones into smaller, more manageable pieces. These smaller fragments can then be passed through urine more easily.

5. Ureteroscopy and Laser Lithotripsy: For stones that are too large for ESWL or for those located in the lower urinary tract, ureteroscopy may be recommended. During this procedure, a thin tube with a camera is inserted through the urethra and bladder to reach the stone. Laser lithotripsy is then used to break up the stone into smaller fragments that can be removed or naturally passed.

6. Surgery: Surgical intervention is rarely necessary but may be required for very large, complicated stones or when other treatments have failed. Procedures such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy involve making a small incision to access and remove the stone.

Preventing Kidney Stones

Preventing kidney stones is crucial, especially if you've experienced them before or have a family history of kidney stone disease. Here's a more detailed look at prevention strategies:

1. Stay Hydrated: Proper hydration is your first line of defense against kidney stones. Aim to drink enough fluids to produce clear or light yellow urine, typically around 8-10 cups (2-2.5 liters) per day. In hot weather or after strenuous exercise, you may need more.

2. Dietary Changes: To reduce the risk of stone formation, consider dietary modifications. Limit consumption of oxalate-rich foods like spinach, beetroot, and nuts. Reduce your salt intake, and ensure you get an adequate intake of dietary calcium from sources like dairy products.

3. Medication: Depending on the type of kidney stone and the underlying cause, your doctor may prescribe medications to prevent stone formation. These medications may include thiazide diuretics, potassium citrate, or allopurinol.

4. Lifestyle Choices: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help reduce your risk of kidney stones. Aim for a balanced diet, maintain a healthy weight, and engage in regular physical activity. Obesity and certain metabolic conditions can increase the likelihood of stone formation.

Seeking Medical Advice Online

In today's digital age, getting medical advice and assistance has become more convenient. If you're concerned about kidney stones or have questions about your symptoms, you can find support through various online resources. For example, you can use free 24/7 online doctor chat services to connect with healthcare professionals who can provide guidance and answer your questions. This service offers a convenient way to seek expert advice and understand your options.

Online Lab Tests and Diagnosis

In some cases, you may be able to order online lab tests to check for specific risk factors related to kidney stones. These tests can help you and your healthcare provider make informed decisions about prevention and treatment. Common tests include urinalysis, blood tests to assess mineral levels, and 24-hour urine collections to analyze stone risk factors.

Consultation with the Best Doctor for Kidney Stones

When dealing with kidney stones, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional who specializes in nephrology or urology. These specialists can provide expert advice on the best treatment options for your specific situation. You can find the best doctor for kidney stones through referrals from your primary care physician, recommendations from trusted sources, or by using online resources that provide information about healthcare providers in your area.

Buy Medicine Online Safely

If your doctor prescribes medication for the management of kidney stones, you can purchase your prescriptions online from reputable sources. When buying medication online, it's essential to ensure the safety and effectiveness of your treatment. Here are some tips for buying medicine online:

- Choose a licensed and reputable online pharmacy: Verify that the online pharmacy is licensed and accredited, and look for customer reviews to assess its reliability.

- Ensure prescription authenticity: Only order prescription medications with a valid prescription from your healthcare provider.

- Check for secure online transactions: Look for secure payment options and confirm that the website uses encryption to protect your personal and financial information.

In conclusion, kidney stones are a painful and potentially recurring condition, but with the right knowledge, lifestyle adjustments, and medical support, you can effectively manage and even prevent them. Understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms, seeking proper diagnosis, and exploring various treatment options are crucial steps in your journey to kidney stone management. Don't hesitate to consult with the best doctor for kidney stones and use the resources available online for additional guidance and support. Kidney stone disease is manageable, and you don't have to face it alone.

Read FAQs

A. The first signs of kidney stone problems can vary from person to person, but common early symptoms may include sudden and intense kidney stone pain, often described as a sharp, stabbing sensation in the back or side. Other early signs can include pain during urination, frequent urination, blood in the urine (hematuria), and a general feeling of discomfort.

A. To know if you have kidney stones, you should pay attention to the symptoms. Kidney stones often cause severe and localized pain, typically in the back, side, lower abdomen, or groin. If you experience these symptoms, it's advisable to seek medical attention. Your healthcare provider will perform diagnostic tests such as imaging (CT scan, ultrasound, or X-ray) and a urinalysis to confirm the presence of kidney stones.

A. When you have kidney stones, your body may feel extremely uncomfortable and painful. The kidney stone pain can be excruciating, causing waves of intense pain in the back, side, abdomen, or groin. Additionally, you may experience symptoms like painful urination, frequent urination, blood in the urine, nausea, and restlessness. The specific feelings and symptoms can vary based on the size, location, and type of kidney stone you have. It's essential to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

Read Blog

10 Early Signs of Cancer Most Indians Ignore

Cancer is a growing concern in India, with cases rising due to lifestyle changes, genetic factors, and environmental triggers. Early detection plays a crucial role in successful treatment and recovery. Unfortunately, many people tend to overlook early signs of cancer, mistaking them for minor health issues. In this article, we will discuss 10 early signs of cancer that most Indians ignore, how to detect them early, and essential cancer prevention tips.

1. Unexplained Weight Loss

If you are losing weight without any changes in diet or exercise, it could be a warning sign of cancer. Cancers of the stomach, pancreas, esophagus, and lungs can cause sudden weight loss. If you experience unexplained weight loss of more than 5 kg, consult a doctor immediately.

2. Persistent Fatigue

Feeling excessively tired despite getting enough rest may indicate an underlying health issue, including cancer. Leukemia, colon, and stomach cancers are often linked to extreme fatigue. If fatigue persists without an identifiable reason, it is advisable to get a medical evaluation.

3. Changes in Bowel or Bladder Habits

Frequent diarrhea, constipation, or blood in the stool may signal colorectal cancer, while changes in urination patterns may indicate bladder or prostate cancer. If you notice prolonged changes in your bowel or bladder habits, seek medical attention.

4. Non-Healing Sores

A sore that does not heal within a few weeks could be a sign of oral cancer or skin cancer. Smokers and tobacco users should be especially vigilant about mouth ulcers, as they are at higher risk of developing signs of oral cancer.

5. Persistent Cough or Hoarseness

A cough lasting more than three weeks, especially if accompanied by blood, could be a symptom of lung cancer. Hoarseness that persists might be linked to throat or thyroid cancer. How to detect cancer early in such cases involves consulting a specialist if respiratory symptoms do not improve.

6. Lumps or Thickening of Tissue

The presence of lumps in the breast, testicles, or other parts of the body should not be ignored. Common cancer types in India, such as breast and testicular cancer, often present as painless lumps in their early stages. Early medical evaluation can prevent progression.

7. Difficulty Swallowing

Persistent difficulty swallowing, also known as dysphagia, could be an early symptom of throat, esophageal, or stomach cancer. If swallowing problems continue despite dietary adjustments, a medical examination is necessary.

8. Unexplained Bleeding

Unusual bleeding, such as blood in urine, stool, or coughing up blood, is a serious warning sign of cancer. Cervical and endometrial cancers may cause abnormal vaginal bleeding. It is crucial to get tested if such symptoms occur.

9. Skin Changes

Skin abnormalities, such as dark patches, changes in moles, or persistent itching, can be indicators of skin cancer. If a mole grows, changes color, or starts bleeding, it is important to consult a dermatologist immediately.

10. Persistent Pain

Pain that does not go away, especially in the bones or back, can sometimes be an early sign of cancer. While pain alone is not definitive, unexplained or long-lasting pain should be evaluated by a medical professional.

How to Detect Cancer Early

Early detection greatly improves the chances of successful treatment. Here are some tips to catch cancer in its initial stages:

Regular Health Check-ups: Routine screenings, such as mammograms, Pap smears, and colonoscopies, help in detecting cancer before symptoms appear.
Self-Examinations: Checking for lumps, unusual moles, or changes in bodily functions can help identify potential issues early.
Knowing Family History: If there is a family history of cancer, it is advisable to go for genetic counseling and regular screenings.
Seeking Medical Attention Promptly: Do not ignore persistent symptoms. Early diagnosis is key to effective treatment.

Cancer Prevention Tips

While cancer cannot always be prevented, adopting a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the risk. Here are some essential cancer prevention tips:

Quit Smoking and Tobacco Use: Tobacco consumption is one of the leading causes of signs of oral cancer and lung cancer in India. Avoiding tobacco can drastically reduce your risk.
Eat a Healthy Diet: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains supports overall health and lowers cancer risk.
Maintain a Healthy Weight: Obesity increases the risk of several cancers, including breast and colorectal cancer. Regular exercise is key to maintaining a healthy weight.
Limit Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol intake has been linked to liver, breast, and digestive tract cancers. Limiting alcohol can help reduce cancer risk.
Protect Yourself from the Sun: Skin cancer can be prevented by using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding excessive sun exposure.
Get Vaccinated: Vaccinations against Hepatitis B and HPV can prevent liver and cervical cancer, respectively.
Avoid Exposure to Carcinogens: Limit exposure to harmful chemicals, such as asbestos and radiation, that are known to cause cancer.

Conclusion

Awareness is the first step toward preventing and detecting cancer early. Ignoring early signs can lead to late-stage diagnosis and reduced treatment success. By understanding these early signs of cancer, following cancer prevention tips, and undergoing regular screenings, individuals can significantly lower their risk. If you experience any of these symptoms, do not hesitate to consult a healthcare professional. How to detect cancer early is crucial knowledge that can save lives.

By staying informed and proactive, we can fight the rising incidence of common cancer types in India and ensure better health outcomes for all.