• Published on: Oct 21, 2021
  • 5 minute read
  • By: Second Medic Expert

What Do You Need To Know About The Flu Vaccine? & Why Should You Take Flu Vaccine?

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What do you need to know about the flu vaccine? & Why should you take the flu vaccine?

Flu is one of the most serious vaccine-preventable diseases, with potential hospitalization rates of over 50% and death rates as high as 5%. Influenza can lead to pneumonia, which can cause chest pain or difficulty breathing. Severe influenza may require hospitalization for IV fluids and breathing assistance, worsening its risk profile. Influenza also has a high risk of morbidity in people with chronic illnesses that cause chronic inflammation (e.g., diabetes).

The flu vaccine is a must every year. Even those folks who only seem to get the flu during intense pandemics should still take the yearly duration as a precaution.

1. The flu vaccine isn't 100?fective, so it's still worth getting.

2. You need to be immunized against the flu within 72 hours of facing a stressful situation in order for the vaccine to work best.

3. There is no such thing as live attenuated influenza virus -- you are either vaccinated or part of the risk group who might get sick if exposed."

4. The side effects are low and unlikely to last long.

The cold virus is very close genetically to the influenza virus, which means that people can catch both viruses at once (which makes colds more severe). Supporting your immune system with healthy lifestyle choices will help keep your resistance high should you find yourself exposed.

 A flu vaccine provides you with immunity against three or four different influenza viruses - what's really important to remember is that it'll only protect you for the virus strains in the vaccine, meaning every time there's a new strain of flu circulating around, health officials need to update the vaccine.

Vaccines work by mimicking a portion of a disease-causing germ and triggering your body to generate antibodies specifically designed to attack this part. To make sure these antibodies will be able to recognize any future outbreaks of disease from this same germ, most vaccines contain attenuated (weakened) forms of the germs, which won't cause an infection but will stimulate your body's immune system into producing antibodies. The flu vaccine, like all vaccines, is a very specific type of medication.

When we can't govern our environment, we need to do our best to limit the transmissibility of viruses by getting the flu vaccine every year. Flu vaccinations also help protect those who cannot get vaccinated (such as infants and others with certain medical conditions).

The main reason you should get a flu vaccine is for prevention- if you had it once before and believed it protected you from catching or resisting future infection, then your body would recognize that strain and be more prepared than someone who has never caught the virus. Even if it does not prevent infection entirely, there are other reasons why getting one may be beneficial: some people might live with an illness that worsens during bouts of influenza.

The flu vaccine is one of the most highly researched and reviewed topics. Over time it's been found to be less effective than previously thought, so so many people think it's better to just be cautious and skip it instead.

The flu vaccine is recommended for everyone six months and older. Now that we know who should get the flu vaccine, let's talk about how you can prevent getting sick if you've already been vaccinated or haven't yet gone in for a shot. It may seem like common sense but protect yourself by washing your hands every time! The flu virus thrives on other people's hands -- and less than 20 seconds of scrubbing with soap and water can kill it under these conditions.

In order to get the flu vaccine, you need an appointment with your doctor or clinic. It typically takes a week before it's ready, and there are some common side effects of the vaccine.

Typically use warnings/side-effects for a flu shot include soreness at the site of injection or low moods after getting the shot while fever is still going on, cold symptoms including coryza (common cold) and cough also can occur during this time as well as fatigue which isn't too surprising given how long it takes to recover from an infection. In rare cases, there can be reactions that require close monitoring such as dizziness or uncontrolled eye movement which warrants medical attention if it persists. The common flu mist is a very effective tool to battle infection.

The vaccine is thought to work by initiating memory T-cells that will remain in the body and fight that specific strain of flu, should it infect you later. Memory T-cells live for many years after your first infection from the virus they're adept at fighting.

If you're a pregnant woman, please talk to your doctor first. If you're a child aged 5-9 who has had the flu vaccine before and it didn't work for you that year, then usually it will work just fine in subsequent years. However, if this is not your first time getting the flu vaccine and it didn't work well for you last year as well as this year, then perhaps look into other ways of preventing the flu since those seem to be fighting off the virus better than what you have been given.

Many studies have shown a strong link between the flu vaccine and a lower risk of getting the flu. This applies to those who do not already have an impaired immune system, such as those with chronic disease or pregnant women. For those folks, it's important that they stay up-to-date on their shots to lessen their odds of catching influenza or any other infection that may compromise their condition.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends annual vaccination against the flu during flu season for everyone aged six months and older unless they have had one before and they generally don't make this recommendation without good reason: indeed, large observational investigations (i.e., studies in which people were followed and data collected through questionnaires.

Flu season lasts from October to May, peaking between December and February. The best way for you to protect yourself is by getting a flu vaccine right now. In the US, each year the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends an annual influenza vaccine because it can help reduce the risk of many different illnesses that flu causes, not just a "flu" or respiratory infection that most people associate with "the flu." With vaccination against flu, people may have milder symptoms – if any – because they have lower viral loads. Flu-infected individuals can inject as much as 100 billion particles of flu virus into the air during a single talk. Anyone within breathing distance - including those without symptoms, such as children and pregnant women - is at risk for infection.

A team of scientists studied how illness spreads in crowded places. They found that coughs and sneezes deliver almost 100% contamination to people one meter away, whereas handshakes disperse 10%. This means it's more likely that someone with the flu will infect you than you'll catch their cold by shaking hands or hugging them; enteroviruses like rhinovirus move even further (2 feet).

The flu vaccine protects not only the person who has it, but also the people they come into contact with. It is a myth that it will make our immune system less responsive to other invaders because that one myth has been disproven many times over.

In addition, this year’s flu vaccines will be made from four different strains of the virus – an H3N2 from Hong Kong and two H1N1s from North America and Indonesia – each offering slightly different protection against infection. In addition, some studies suggest getting a seasonal vaccine can offer indirect protection against cancer.

The most important thing about the vaccine is that it is a weakened form of the flu virus. The body can build up immunity against a weakened form faster than a regular virus.

Vaccinating your children and yourself against influenza (flu) can reduce flu illnesses and complications like hospitalizations missed work and school. It's important to get the vaccine every year, even if you had it last year. Flu vaccines can affect your health in two ways. The shots are designed to protect against infection conditions caused by influenza viruses themselves. But there are also other benefits from getting vaccinated since few people realize that they may have weakened immune systems due to nasal allergies or asthma medications or autoimmune disease or diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2 or certain types of cancer treatment with radiation therapy.

A preventative measure, but also because the vaccine may provide a milder case of influenza.

For example, studies have shown some benefits from flu shots including prevention, reduction in medical visits, and lost days at work or school for healthy adults. The flu oftentimes makes people quite ill and some companies discourage or prohibit employees from coming to work when they are feeling ill because of the risks associated with infecting co-workers and customers alike. Overall, you're better off taking a relatively harmless medication that can help protect you from this miserable illness than risking serious health complications that come with lower immunity due to contracting influenza. Studies show that more infections occur on average during years when more children get vaccinated.

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Asthma

Asthma Symptoms in Adults: Early Signs, Triggers, and When to Seek Care

Asthma is often perceived as a childhood condition, but a significant number of cases develop or persist into adulthood. In India, adult asthma is increasingly recognised due to rising air pollution, occupational exposure and lifestyle-related risk factors. Unfortunately, asthma symptoms in adults are frequently misdiagnosed as recurrent infections, allergies or age-related breathlessness, leading to delayed treatment.

Understanding adult asthma symptoms is critical for early diagnosis, effective control and prevention of severe attacks.

 

What Is Asthma?

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. In asthma, the airways become:

  • inflamed
     

  • narrow
     

  • overly sensitive to triggers
     

This leads to difficulty in breathing, especially during exposure to specific stimuli.

 

Why Adult Asthma Is Often Missed

Adult asthma symptoms may:

  • appear gradually
     

  • vary in severity
     

  • mimic common respiratory conditions
     

According to Indian Council of Medical Research and WHO data, many adults remain undiagnosed for years, increasing the risk of complications.

 

Common Asthma Symptoms in Adults

Wheezing

A high-pitched whistling sound while breathing, especially during exhalation, is a classic asthma sign.

 

Shortness of Breath

Adults with asthma often feel:

  • breathless during routine activities
     

  • difficulty taking deep breaths
     

This may worsen at night or early morning.

 

Chest Tightness

Many describe a sensation of pressure or tightness in the chest, which can be mistaken for heart-related issues.

 

Chronic Cough

A persistent cough, especially:

  • at night
     

  • early morning
     

  • after exercise
     

is a common but overlooked asthma symptom.

 

Symptoms That Worsen With Triggers

Asthma symptoms often intensify after exposure to specific triggers.

Air Pollution and Smoke

Urban pollution, vehicle emissions and indoor smoke significantly worsen asthma symptoms in adults.

 

Allergens

Dust mites, pollen, mould and pet dander are common triggers.

 

Respiratory Infections

Viral infections can trigger asthma flare-ups or reveal undiagnosed asthma.

 

Physical Activity

Exercise-induced asthma causes breathlessness and wheezing during or after physical exertion.

 

Weather Changes

Cold air, humidity and sudden temperature changes can aggravate symptoms.

 

Adult-Onset Asthma

Adult-onset asthma differs from childhood asthma.

Characteristics include:

  • onset after age 20–30
     

  • less association with childhood allergies
     

  • more persistent symptoms
     

  • higher likelihood of severe disease
     

Occupational exposure and hormonal changes contribute to adult-onset asthma.

 

Risk Factors for Asthma in Adults

Several factors increase asthma risk:

  • long-term exposure to pollution
     

  • smoking or passive smoking
     

  • occupational chemicals or dust
     

  • obesity
     

  • family history of asthma
     

  • chronic sinusitis or allergies
     

Women may experience asthma onset or worsening during hormonal changes.

 

When Asthma Symptoms Become Serious

Seek immediate medical attention if experiencing:

  • severe breathlessness
     

  • difficulty speaking in full sentences
     

  • bluish lips or fingertips
     

  • rapid worsening of symptoms
     

  • poor response to usual inhalers
     

These signs indicate a potentially life-threatening asthma attack.

 

How Adult Asthma Is Diagnosed

Diagnosis includes:

  • detailed symptom history
     

  • physical examination
     

  • lung function tests (spirometry)
     

  • response to bronchodilators
     

Early diagnosis improves long-term outcomes.

 

Impact of Untreated Asthma

Untreated asthma can lead to:

  • frequent attacks
     

  • reduced lung function
     

  • sleep disturbances
     

  • missed workdays
     

  • reduced quality of life
     

According to Lancet respiratory studies, uncontrolled asthma increases hospitalisation risk.

 

Managing Asthma Symptoms in Adults

Effective asthma management focuses on:

  • identifying and avoiding triggers
     

  • using prescribed inhalers correctly
     

  • monitoring symptoms regularly
     

  • maintaining follow-up care
     

Asthma action plans help patients recognise worsening symptoms early.

 

Role of Preventive Healthcare

Preventive healthcare helps:

  • detect asthma early
     

  • assess lung function
     

  • guide lifestyle modifications
     

Regular health checkups are especially important for individuals with respiratory symptoms or occupational exposure.

 

Lifestyle Measures That Support Asthma Control

Helpful practices include:

  • avoiding smoking
     

  • improving indoor air quality
     

  • wearing masks in polluted environments
     

  • maintaining healthy weight
     

  • regular, moderate exercise
     

Lifestyle support complements medical treatment.

 

Mental Health and Asthma

Stress and anxiety can worsen asthma symptoms.

Stress management:

  • reduces symptom frequency
     

  • improves medication response
     

Holistic care improves asthma outcomes.

 

Importance of Medication Adherence

Asthma medications work best when:

  • taken regularly as prescribed
     

  • inhaler technique is correct
     

Skipping treatment increases flare-up risk.

 

Long-Term Outlook for Adults With Asthma

With proper management:

  • symptoms are well controlled
     

  • severe attacks are preventable
     

  • normal activity levels are achievable
     

Most adults with asthma lead active, productive lives.

 

Conclusion

Asthma symptoms in adults are often subtle, variable and easily mistaken for common respiratory problems. Wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and chronic cough should not be ignored, especially when triggered by pollution, exercise or weather changes. Early diagnosis, trigger control and consistent treatment are essential to prevent severe attacks and preserve lung health. Recognising adult asthma early empowers individuals to manage symptoms effectively and maintain a good quality of life.

 

References

  • Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) – Respiratory Disease and Asthma Studies
  • World Health Organization (WHO) – Asthma Management and Prevention Guidelines
  • National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) – Respiratory Health Indicators
  • Lancet Respiratory Medicine – Adult Asthma Outcomes and Management
  • NITI Aayog – Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Reports
  • Statista – Global Asthma Prevalence and Trends

See all

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